Read the text below and complete the gaps.Use only one word in each gap.
                                               Zulu wedding
The Zulu are an African ethnic group living mainly in South Africa.One particularly interesting aspect of their wedding customs. There are many preparations that need to (1)________ made before a wedding,and especially on the day of the event.Before the wedding,the groom's family presents eleven cows to the bride-to-be.If the wants to marry the man,she accepts (2)_______ gift.The wedding itself takes place on a hillside,on land and that it owned (3)________ the groom,called a kraal.Throughout the day,the bride might change her clothes (4)_________ than three times,do that her sister in- laws see her in many different colours.A wedding meal of meat and vegetable (5)________ prepared by the bridesmaids.The tradition of ukwaba is when the bride gives gifts of handmade blankets (6)__________ the members of her new family.Then,the family cover themselves (7)__________ the blankets in front of all the guests to symbolise that they (8)__________ accepted the bride into their family,and everyone sings and dances in the traditional manner
 

Read the text below and complete the gaps.Use only one word in each gap                           
                              Hope for a greener future
Enviromental activists have welcomed scientific research which may soon make it possible to use windows as source of solar (1)________.This will involve applying a see-through chemical liquid (2)___________ the surface of glass to capture light from the sun's rays. (3)____________ scientists can actually succeed in developing this technique,it will indeed be a major breakthrough, which will (4)____________ a huge difference in our life. A similar techinique was developed in the 1970s (5)____________ it was abandoned as it didn't prove to be very efficient. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) who specialise (6)___________ developing renewable sources of energy did a lot of research into what (7)____________ wrong and has made important change to the technology since then.As a result,scientist ar now confident that much more green energy wil be avaiable for everyday use.It seem that the Earth cannot be saves (8)_______ a lot more money is spent on similar schemes around the world.

• For questions (1 - 8), read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

                                                                                                      BLUE DIAMONDS

  Blue diamonds are the world’s most expensive diamonds, with some valued (0) ...... AT....... over 350 million US dollars. However, no one knew (1) ............... recently precisely where these rare stones came from.

  Most diamonds are formed from pure carbon under extreme heat 150 to 200 kilometers underground, and (2) ............... is thought that volcanic eruptions bring them to the earth’s surface. Research by scientists has revealed, however, that blue diamonds were probably formed somewhere (3) ............... 600 and 800 kilometers down, in a part of the earth’s interior known (4) ............... the lower mantle.

  These researchers analyzed 46 blue diamonds, all of (5) .............. contained minerals only found in the lower mantle. (6) .............. only were these stones formed four times nearer the earth’s core (7) ............... normal diamonds, but they also contain an element called boron that is mostly found on the earth’s surface. What seems to have happened, (8) ............... to the researchers, is that billions of years ago, rocks containing boron were carried down into the lower mantle by movements of the earth’s tectonic plates, and were eventually returned to the surface by volcanic action.

• For questions 9 – 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

                                                                                                 A HISTORY OF SURFING

The history of surfing undoubtedly goes (0) BACK a long way. It seems to (9) .......... formed a central part of the culture of the Polynesian people, who were inhabitants of islands in the Pacific Ocean (10) .......... as Samoa, Tonga, and Hawaii. These people did not regard surfing (11) .......... a mere recreational activity. For them, it was much (12) .......... of an art. Although surfing disappeared from many parts of Polynesia in (13) .......... early twentieth century, a small number of people in Hawaii kept the tradition alive. In 1912, it spread to the east coast of the United States, and in particular to Virginia Beach, (14) .......... became an important surfing center. Surfing developed quite rapidly from then on, and the design of surfboards became more sophisticated. However, (15) .......... was not until the 1960s that surfing came to be a truly global phenomenon, boosted not only by the success of surfing films (16) .......... also by pop songs about surfing culture.

• For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

      Founded in 1972, the Veuve Clicquot Business Woman Award is celebrated in 27 countries. Veuve Clicquot has now introduced a new award (0) ___TO___ complement its Business Woman of the Year category. Called The New Generation Award, (1) __________ recognizes the best young female talent across the business and corporate life. The first winner of the award, Kathryn Parsons, (2) __________ innovative start-up company, Decoded, teaches people to code in a day, has joined the judging panel to help find this year’s winner. ‘The importance of these awards cannot (3) __________ overestimated,’ she says. ‘Women need role models that prove to (4) __________ that they can do it, too.’ The New Generation Award is open to entrepreneurial businesswomen (5) __________ the ages of 25 and 35. They can run (6) __________ own businesses or hail from corporate life. ‘This award isn’t about how much money you’ve made or how long you’ve been in business, it’s about recognizing young women (7) __________ a mission and a vision,’ says Parsons. ‘We want to meet women who are working to (8) __________ the world a better place.’

V. Read the passage and choose the correct word A, B, C or D to complete it.

Brunei is one of the smallest countries in the world. Its population (1) ____ only 25,000 and most of them live in Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city with the longest name in the world!) It is also the richest country in (2) ____ Asia and maybe the richest country in the world because it has a lot of oil and natural gas which it (3) ____ to Japan. Every week huge tankers carry oil and gas from the oil-fields of Brunei to Japan.

The head of the state in Brunei is Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah. He is on of the richest man in the world. He has two wives and (4) ____ lives in their own beautiful palace. The Sultan has more than 200 cars and he also has (5) ____ of horses.

1. A. has                    B. is                            C.  are                        D have

2. A. a                        B. an                           C.  the                        D. no article

3. A. exports             B. buys                       C.  imports                 D. produces

4. A. either                B. every                     C. each                       D. neither

5. A. hundreds          B. hundred                 C. a hundred              D. one hundred

     Read the text and think of the correct word for each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning.

The lunches at school ⁰ aren’t very good, in fact they’re horrible! There’s always too ¹ ____________ salt and not ² ____________ pepper in the food! Oh, and there are too ³ ____________ vegetables as well. I’ ⁴ ____________ got enough time to make a sandwich to take to school, but my mum is against this idea. There ⁵ ____________ a fast food
⁶ ____________ near the school, but it’s very
⁷ ____________ and I haven’t got much money.

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.

Until the late 1920s, motion pictures were silent except (1) ________ the musical accompaniment

provided by theater owners in the form of live orchestras. Up (2) ________ this point, movies had enjoyed a wide

degree of popularity, but they still remained a secondary form of entertainment, largely (3) ________ to their lack

of sound. Everything changed (4) ________ 1926 when Warner Brothers introduced a new sound-on-disc system.

In this system, sound effects and music were (5) ________ on wax record. In order to exhibit this new (6)

________, Warner Brothers showed “Don Juan”, the first (7) ________ picture to have a pre-recorded score and

sound effects. Although “Don Juan” was enjoyed very much, many movie studios still refused to adapt (8)

________ talking picture technology, believing that “talkies” would never replace silent pictures. (9) ________,

“The Jazz Singer”, an interesting film with sound, in October (10) ________ 1927 changed these options, and in

doing so, changed the history of motion pictures forever.

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in
each gap. 
The destruction of the rainforests is a pressing problem of our times (61) _______ not one that is
regarded equally seriously by everyone. The more affluent nations regard the issue as (62) _______ of
preservation; deforestation must stop. When it comes to the poorer countries, the issue is not so cut and dried.
(63) _______ these people, the rainforests represent a source of economic prosperity, a point that obviously
takes precedence over ecological concern. A solution must be found before the damage caused by the
deforestation that is destroying the rainforests becomes irrevocable.
Deforestation is carried out by (64) _______ involved in the timber industry and also by migrant
farmers. The latter occupy an area of land, strip it, farm it (65) _______ its natural mineral supply is used up
and then move on. The land is left useless and exposed and a process of erosion comes into effect, washing
soil into rivers thereby killing fish and blocking the water’s natural course.
The land is not the (66) _______victim. Rainforests are a richly populated habitat. In the rainforests
of Madagascar there are at (67) _______150,000 individual species of plants and animals which are found
nowhere (68) _______ in the world, and more are being discovered all the time . Furthermore, approximately
50% of all endangered animal species live in the world’s rainforests. The destruction of the forests effectively
represents a complete removal of all these plants and animals. Deprived (69) _______ their natural
environments, they will disappear altogether. Again, this process is irreversible. Man, no (70) _______ how
powerful he considers himself, does not have the power to re-establish the species he is so wilfully
destroying.