a, \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow CM_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\)

b, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,46\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15.5}{62}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

\(0.25.......................0.5\)

\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)

b.

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(0.5..............0.25\)

\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.25}{2}=0.125\left(l\right)\)

\(a.n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ 0,25...................................0,5\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b.H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,25............0,5..........0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{2}=0,125\left(l\right)\)

– Số mol KMnO₄ = 0,2 (mol); số mol KOH = 2 (mol)

– Phương trình phản ứng:

2KMnO₄   +  16HCl → 2KCl +  2MnCl₂  +  5Cl₂ +  8H₂O

0,2                                                      0,5 

* Ở điều kiện nhiệt độ thường:

Cl₂  +  2KOH  →  KCl   +  KClO  +  H₂O

0,5       1,0              0,5         0,5

– Dư 1,0 mol KOH

C_{M (KCl)} = C_{M (KClO)} = 0,5 (M); C_{M (KOH dư)} = 1 (M)                                

* Ở điều kiện đun nóng trên 70⁰C:

3Cl₂  +  6KOH → 5KCl   +  KClO₃  +  3H₂O

0,5       1,0                     5/6           1/6

– Dư 1,0 mol KOH

C_{M (KCl)} =  5/6 (M); C_{M (KClO3)} = 1/6 (M); C_{M (KOH dư)} = 1 (M).

a) \(n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\\ \Rightarrow Xảyracácphảnứng:\\ NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\\ 2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1\left(BTNT\left(C\right)\right)\\x+2y=0,15\left(BTNT\left(Na\right)\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow CM_{NaHCO_3}=CM_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5M\)

b) \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,15.36,5}{25\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)

a. Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=1,5.\dfrac{100}{1000}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\left(1< 1,5< 1\right)\)

Vậy ta có PTHH:

\(CO_2+2NaOH--->Na_2CO_3+H_2O\left(1\right)\)

\(CO_2+NaOH--->NaHCO_3\left(2\right)\)

Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Na₂CO₃ và NaHCO₃.

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{NaOH}=2.n_{Na_2CO_3}=2x\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT₍₂₎: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{NaOH}=n_{NaHCO_3}=y\left(mol\right)\)

Vậy, ta có HPT:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1\\2x+y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{dd_{sau.PỨ}}=0,05+0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(V_{dd_{sau.PỨ}}=V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{100}{1000}=0,1\left(lít\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{sau.PỨ}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\)

b. \(PTHH:NaOH+HCl--->NaCl+H_2O\left(3\right)\)

Theo PT₍₃₎: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,15.36,5=5,475\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{5,475}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=25\%\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=21,9\left(g\right)\)

Bài 1 : 

a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$

b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Na} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{Na} = 0,5.23 = 11,5(gam)$

c) $n_{NaOH} = n_{Na} = 0,5(mol)$

$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,2} = 2,5M$

$m_{H_2O} = D.V = 200.1 = 200(gam)$

$m_{dd} = 11,5 + 200 - 0,25.2 = 211(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,5.40}{211}.100\% = 9,48\%$

Bài 2:

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Al_2O_3\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ \Rightarrow Sau.p.ứng:Al_2O_3,O_2dư,N_2\\ n_{N_2}=\dfrac{80}{20}.0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{N_2}=28.0,4=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,1=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,025.32=0,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,05=5,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 : 

$n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Al} : 4 < n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư

Sau phản ứng, thu được : 

$n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,05.102 = 5,1(gam)$
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,075(mol) \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,1 - 0,075).32 = 0,8(gam)$
$n_{N_2} = 0,5 - 0,1 = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow m_{N_2} = 0,4.28 = 11,2(gam)$

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ b.0,5.......0,5.........0,5..........0,25\left(mol\right)\\ b.m_{Na}=0,5.23=11,5\left(g\right)\\ c.C\%_{ddA}=C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.40}{0,5.23+200.1-0,25.2}.100\approx9,479\%\)

a,\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂

            0,1--------------->0,1------>0,1

b, => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{\dfrac{6}{1000}}=\dfrac{50}{3}M\\V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2H₂ + O₂ --t^o--> 2H₂O

LTL: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< 0,1\)=> O₂ dư

Theo pt: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).32=1,6\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     015    0,3         0,15     0,15

b, \(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)

    \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)

c, \(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,05}=6M\)