3. Listen to an interview about El Niño. Choose the correct words to complete the statements.

(Lắng nghe bài phỏng vấn về El Nino. Chọn các từ đúng để hoàn thành các khẳng định.)

1. El Nino events are getting more / less severe. 

2. It's likely / unlikely that global warming will have an impact on future El Nino events. 

3. Scientists think that El Nino events won't / may get more frequent. 

4 Scientists can / can't predict when an El Nino event is going to happen.

Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống:

El Nino ia a weather phenomenon of the the Pacific Ocean which is (1).................by an abnormal (2)..................... of water on the surface of the ocean. It has the (3)......................... to rain to other. It was first (5)....................by fishermen coming from Spanish ports in the Pacific in the 17th century. It got the its name (Spanish for "boy child") because it usually takes (6).................... near Christmas time. It can cause catastrophic (7)....................The 1982 El Nino (8)................. in 1500 deaths, but it can be a lot worse than that. Sea animals, (9)....................... fish and birds, also die in large numbers. It is (10).................... that sailors in the Pacific can smell the death sea-life during El Nino

Read the following two passages and choose the correct answer to each question.

Every year in late December, a southward-moving current warms the water along the Pacific coast of Peru. Because the warm current arrives around Christmas, the Peruvians named it El Nino, "boychild". Until the mid 1970s, El Nino was an unrecognised local phenomenon, until scientists began to realise that El Nino, later named EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is part of a huge ocean and atmosphere system that is felt as far away as Australia and Indonesia.

Every few years the El Nino current is warmer than normal, causing greater ocean warming and consequently changes in the normal patterns of sea and surface temperatures. The resulting changes in atmospheric pressure affect trade wind speeds and the location of the largest thunderstorms, thus affecting weather patterns around the world. The shift in location of the Pacific's largest thunderstorms, which usually occur from the Western Pacific to the Central Pacific, changes global weather patterns because the thunderstorms pump air into the atmosphere in different places than normal. The result is a shift in the location of high- and low-pressure areas, wind patterns, and the paths followed by storms.

From 1982 to 1983 the El Nino condition caused greater than average precipitation along the US West Coast and sent five hurricanes to French Pollynesia, which normally goes years without hurricanes. That same year, El Nino was linked to floods in Louisiana, Florida, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and to droughts in Hawaii, Mexico, Southern Africa, the Philippines, Indonesia and Australia.

In response to the 1982-83 global weather disruption, the World Meteorological Organization initiated the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program. The goal of the 10-year program is to gain a better understanding of El Nino so scientists can forecast future El Nino episodes and their likely results.

1. Which of the following could be the title of the passage?

A. A Natural Phenomenon

B.An Ocean and Atmosphere System

C.A Kind of "Boychild"

D. The Forecast of the Future

2. The highlighted word "it" in the passage refers to __________.

A. December

B. the warm current

C. Christmas

D. the coast of Peru

3. It can be inferred from the passage that before the mid 1970s the scientists __________.

A.had already realized El Nino

B.knew nothing about El Nino

C. devised the name El Nino

D. felt El Nino in Australia and Indonesia

4. According to the passage, El Nino can affect __________.

A. wind speed

B. world trade

C. the atmosphere

D. the oceans

5. With which of following does the word “initiated” in the passage could best be replaced?

A. produced

B.responded

C. disrupted

D. established

HELP ME!!!!!!!!!!

X)-Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
El Nino and La Nina
The tropical Pacific Ocean (1)______________ a warming and cooling cycle. This cycle is a completely natural event and usually (2)___________ between three to seven years.
When the waters become (3)______________, it is called El Nino, and when they become cooler it is called La Nina. During the cycle, the (4)___________ of the ocean can change by around 3^oC between the warmest and coolest times.
(5)_____________ off the South American coast have known about this
(6)____________ event for hundreds of years. When it (7)____________, they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish caught. But scientists are only just beginning to
(8)____________ how the event affects Earth’s weather and climate.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

What is “extreme” weather? Why are people talking about it these days? “Extreme” weather is an unusual weather event such as rainfall, a drought or a heat wave in the wrong place or at the wrong time. In theory, they are very rare. But these days, our TV screens are constantly showing such extreme weather events. Take just three news stories from 2010: 28 centimetres of rain fell on Rio de Janeiro in 24 hours, Nashville, USA, had 33 centimetres of rain in two days and there was record rainfall in Pakistan.

The effects of this kind of rainfall are dramatic and lethal. In Rio de Janeiro, landslides followed, burying hundreds of people. In Pakistan, the floods affected 20 million people. Meanwhile, other parts of the world suffer devastating droughts. Australia, Russia and East Africa have been hit in the last ten years. And then there are unexpected heat waves, such as in 2003 in Europe. That summer, 35,000 deaths were said to be heat-related.

So, what is happening to our weather? Are these extreme events part of a natural cycle? Or are they caused by human activity and its effects on the Earth’s climate? Peter Miller says it’s probably a mixture of both of these things. On the one hand, the most important influences on weather events are natural cycles in the climate. Two of the most famous weather cycles, El Niño and La Niña, originate in the Pacific Ocean. The heat from the warm ocean rises high into the atmosphere and affects weather all around the world. On the other hand, the temperature of the Earth’s oceans is slowly but steadily going up. And this is a result of human activity. We are producing greenhouse gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This heat warms up the atmosphere, land and oceans. Warmer oceans produce more water vapour – think of heating a pan of water in your kitchen. Turn up the heat, it produces steam more quickly. Satellite data tells us that the water vapour in the atmosphere has gone up by four percent in 25 years. This warm, wet air turns into the rain, storms, hurricanes and typhoons that we are increasingly experiencing. Climate scientist, Michael Oppenheimer, says that we need to face the reality of climate change. And we also need to act now to save lives and money in the future.

It is stated in the passage that extreme weather is ______.

A. becoming more common

B. not a natural occurrence

C. difficult for scientists to understand

D. killing more people than ever before

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35. 

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (31)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (32)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

This happening is called El Nino and is used (33)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

According to research, weather forecasters (34)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (35)_______ on the global scale either.

Điền ô số 32

A. even

B. ever

C. nevertheless

D. however

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35. 

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (31)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (32)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

This happening is called El Nino and is used (33)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

According to research, weather forecasters (34)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (35)_______ on the global scale either.

Điền ô số 35

A. change

B. transfer

C. transformation

D. shift

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35. 

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (31)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (32)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

This happening is called El Nino and is used (33)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

According to research, weather forecasters (34)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (35)_______ on the global scale either.

Điền ô số 34

A. used to

B. get used to

C. are used to

D. used to be

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35. 

The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather pattern (31)_______ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm, the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions decreases. Australia could (32)_______ experience a drought in many parts. On the other hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean) is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes the area much drier.

This happening is called El Nino and is used (33)_______ weather forecasters to make long-range weather predictions. They also know that El Nino will bring unusually rain to the southwestern part of the United States and make the central part of the country drier at the same time.

According to research, weather forecasters (34)_______ know about the coming weather with certainty. Now everything has become completely different.

El Nino itself used to be predictable. It would occur every two to seven years. But now this weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this (35)_______ on the global scale either.

Điền ô số 31

A. what

B. when

C. that

D. whether