1

a,Ta có: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{bc+b^2}{bc+c^2}=\frac{b\left(c+b\right)}{c\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{b}{c}\)

b, \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+a}{c-a}\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+a}=\frac{a-b}{c-a}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{a}{c}\)(1)

Mặt khác: \(\frac{a+b}{c+a}=\frac{a-b}{c-a}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(c+a\right)-\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{2b}{2a}=\frac{b}{a}\)(2)

Từ (1);(2)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{a}\Leftrightarrow a^2=bc\)

c, Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{m}{n}=\frac{a+c+m}{b+d+n}\)

Ta có : \(a^2=bc\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{bc+b^2}{bc+c^2}=\frac{b\left(b+c\right)}{c\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{b}{c}\)(đpcm)

Bài 1:

a) \(a^2=bc\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a}=\frac{a}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{b^2}{a^2}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b}{a}\cdot\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{c}\) do đó \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{b}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b, \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+a}{c-a}\)

=> (a + b)(c - a) = (a - b)(c + a)

=> ac + bc - a² - ab = ac + a² - bc - ba

=> bc - a² = a² - bc

=> -2a² = -2bc

=> a² = bc (đpcm)

c, Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau là ra

Bài 2:

a, \(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{9}{13}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{13}\)

Áp dụng TCDTSBN ta có:

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{13}=\frac{x+y}{9+13}=\frac{88}{22}=4\)

=> x/9 = 4 => x = 36

=> y/13 = 4 => y = 52

b, \(3x=4y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{4}=\frac{y}{3}\)

Áp dụng TCDTSBN ta có:

\(\frac{x}{4}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{x-y}{4-3}=-100\)

=> x/4 = -100 => x = -400

=> y/3 = -100 => y = -300

 ,

1.

\(10x=|x+\dfrac{1}{10}|+|x+\dfrac{2}{10}|+...+|x+\dfrac{9}{10}| \ge 0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\ge0\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{10}+x+\frac{2}{10}+...+x+\frac{9}{10}=10x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{10}+\frac{2}{10}+...+\frac{9}{10}=\frac{9}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{9}{2}\)

4.

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\frac{a}{b+3c}=\frac{b}{c+3a}=\frac{c}{a+3b}=\frac{a+b+c}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a=b+3c\left(1\right)\\4b=c+3a\left(2\right)\\4c=a+3b\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow4a=b+3\left(4b-3a\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow12a=12b\Rightarrow a=b\left(4\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow4c=a+3\left(4a-3c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow12a=12c\Rightarrow a=c\left(5\right)\)

Từ \(\left(4\right);\left(5\right)\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)

a, \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^n}\)

\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^n}< 1\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b, Lập luận tương tự câu a

\(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^n}\)

\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^n}< 1+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{4}{3}\Rightarrow M< \frac{4}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) với mọi a,b,c ϵ R và x,y,z ≥ 0 có :
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra ⇔\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Thật vậy với a,b∈ R và x,y ≥ 0 ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}=\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\left(2\right)\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y}{xy}+\frac{b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
⇔\(\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}.\left(x+y\right)xy\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}.\left(x+y\right)xy\)
⇔\(\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2xy\)
⇔\(a^2xy+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2xy\ge a^2xy+2abxy+b^2xy\)
⇔\(b^2x^2+a^2y^2-2abxy\ge0\)
⇔\(\left(bx-ay\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng )
Áp dụng BĐT (2) có:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\frac{c^2}{z}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra ⇔\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)} \)
= \(\frac{1}{a^2}.\frac{1}{ab+ac}+\frac{1}{b^2}.\frac{1}{bc+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2}.\frac{1}{ac+bc}\)
=\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ab}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (1) ta có:
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ab}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}++\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
Mà abc=1⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=\frac{1}{c}\\bc=\frac{1}{a}\\ac=\frac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{1}}=3\)( BĐT cosi )
⇒\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)
⇒\(\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{ab+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{bc+ac}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}.3=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!

<=> \(\frac{m^2y+n^2x}{xy}>=\left(\frac{m^2+2mn+n^2}{x+y}\right)\)

<=> \(\left(m^2y+n^2x\right).\left(x+y\right)>=\left(m^2+2mn+n^2\right).xy\)(vì x,y,m^2,n^2 >= 0)

<=> m²xy + n²xy + m²y² + n²x² >= m²xy + n²xy + 2mnxy

<=> n²x² + m²y² >= 2mnxy (luôn đúng) (bất đẳng thức cosi).

Vậy ....

a/ Bạn cứ khai triển biến đổi tương đương thôi (mà làm biếng lắm)

b/ Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)

\(VT=\frac{x^3yz}{y+z}+\frac{y^3zx}{z+x}+\frac{xyz^3}{x+y}=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)

\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng Buhiacopxki có \(\left(\left(\frac{m}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{n}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\right)\left(\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2\right)\ge\left(m+n\right)^2\)

\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)

Bài 1:

a)\(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{-12}{20}\Rightarrow20x=5.\left(-12\right)=-60\Rightarrow x=-3\)

b)\(\frac{2}{y}=\frac{11}{-66}\Rightarrow2.\left(-66\right)=11y\Rightarrow11y=-132\Rightarrow y=-12\)

c)\(\frac{-3}{6}=\frac{x}{-2}=\frac{-18}{y}=\frac{-z}{24}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{-3}{6}=\frac{x}{-2}\Rightarrow x=\frac{\left(-3\right)\left(-2\right)}{6}=1\\\frac{-3}{6}=\frac{-18}{y}\Rightarrow y=\frac{\left(-18\right).6}{-3}=36\\\frac{-3}{6}=\frac{-z}{24}\Rightarrow-z=\frac{\left(-3\right).24}{6}=-12\Rightarrow z=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

\(\frac{-2}{x}=\frac{y}{3}\Rightarrow xy=\left(-2\right).3=-6\)

Mà \(x< 0< y\) nên ta có bảng sau:

Bài 3:

\(\frac{x-3}{y-2}=\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow2\left(x-3\right)=3\left(y-2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-6=3y-6\Rightarrow2x=3y\)

Lại có:

\(x-y=4\Rightarrow x=4+y\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(4+y\right)=3y\)

\(\Rightarrow8+2y=3y\Rightarrow8=3y-2y\Rightarrow y=8\Rightarrow x=12\)

Bài 1:

a) Từ đkđb:

$x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x+y=-z; y+z=-x; z+x=-y$

$\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=0\Rightarrow xbc+yac+zab=0$

$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a=-(b+c)\Rightarrow a^2=(b+c)^2$

$\Rightarrow a^2x=(b+c)^2x$.

Tương tự: $b^2y=(a+c)^2y; c^2z=(a+b)^2z$

Do đó:

$a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=(b+c)^2x+(a+c)^2y+(a+b)^2z=a^2(y+z)+b^2(z+x)+c^2(x+y)+2(xbc+yac+zab)$

$=a^2(-x)+b^2(-y)+c^2(-z)+2.0=-(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z)$

$\Rightarrow 2(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$

$\Rightarrow a^2x+b^2y+c^2z=0$ (đpcm)

b)

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x=by+cz\\ y=ax+cz\\ z=ax+by\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} ax=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-x=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\\ by=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-y=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\\ cz=\frac{x+y+z}{2}-z=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}\\ b=\frac{x+z-y}{2y}\\ c=\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+1=\frac{y+z+x}{2x}\\ b+1=\frac{x+z+y}{2y}\\ c+1=\frac{x+y+z}{2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=2\) (đpcm)

Bài 2:
Đặt $\frac{a_2}{a_1}=x; \frac{b_2}{b_1}=y; \frac{c_2}{c_1}=z$

Khi đó bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z\neq 0$ thỏa mãn \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

CMR: $x^2+y^2+z^2=1$

-----------------------------------

Thật vậy:

Ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} xy+yz+xz=0\\ x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó: $x^2+y^2+z^2=(x+y+z)^2-2(xy+yz+xz)=1^2-2.0=1$ (đpcm)

Vậy........

Bài 3:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow yz+xz=-xy\)

Khi đó:

\(M=\frac{(yz)^3+(xz)^3+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{(yz+xz)^3-3yz.xz(yz+xz)+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}\)

\(=\frac{(-xy)^3-3yz.xz(-xy)+(xy)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=3\)

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