$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$

$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$

$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$

$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$

Gọi a, b lần lượt là mol của Al và Zn

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

a                                        1,5a

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b                                       b

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=9,2\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)                \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{9,2}.100\%=29,35\%\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{9,2}.100\%=70,35\%\)

b. \(n_{H_2}=0,25mol\)           \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,5mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25g\)

Ta có:  \(10\%=\dfrac{18,25}{m_{dd}}.100\%\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{dd}=182,5g\)

a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                 x    

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      y                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)

b,

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,3     0,6                             

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,2     0,4

n_HCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)

\(a)n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a +27b = 5,1(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,1 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% = 44,44\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% -44,44\% = 55,56\%\\ b) n_{MgCl_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,1 \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,1.133,5 = 13,35(gam)\\ c)n_{HCl} = 2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%} = 500(gam)\)

\(m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,1 + 500 - 0,25.2 = 504,6(gam)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{9,5}{504,6}.100\% = 1,89\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{13,35}{504,6}.100\% = 2,65\%\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

m_Cu = m_Y = 9,6 (g)

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b

=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a 

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            b--->2b------->b----->b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,25

=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)

=> n_{HCl(thực tế)} = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)

         0,15-->0,15

=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

Sửa đề: Sau phản ứng thu đc \(2240(cm^3)\) lít khí (đktc)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ ZnO+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ b,n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{14,6}.100\%= 44,52\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{ZnO}=100\%-44,52\%=55,48\%\\ n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-6,5}{81}=0,1(mol)\\ \Sigma n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=0,1+0,1=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

a/ Gọi số mol Al, Mg trong hỗn hợp là a, b

PTHH:

2Al + 6HCl ===> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

a............................................1,5a

Mg + 2HCl ===> MgCl₂ + H₂

b.........................................b

n_H2 = 5,6 / 22,4 = 0,25 (mol)

The đề ra, ta có hệ phương trình:

\(\begin{cases}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{cases}\)=> \(\begin{cases}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{cases}\)

=> m_Al = 0,1 x 27 = 2,7 gam

m_Mg = 0,1 x 24 = 2,4 gam

=> %m_Al = \(\frac{2,7}{5,1}.100\%=52,94\%\)

%m_Mg = 100% - 52,94% = 46,06%

b/ Tổng số mol của HCl = 0,3 + 0,2 = 0,5 mol

=> m_HCl = 0,5 x 36,5 = 18,25 gam

c/ Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có
m_{hỗn hợp muối} = m_{kim loại} + m_HCl - m_H2

₌ 5,1 + 18,25 - 0,25 x 2 = 22,85 gam

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,4=0,8(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow 2x+3y=0,8(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\)

\(a,\Sigma n_{H_2}=x+1,5y=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ b,m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,m_{dd_{HCl}}=400.1,12=448(g)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=0,1(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{5,6+448-0,1.2}.100\%=2,8\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{5,4+448-0,3.2}.100\%=5,9\%\)