Gọi  d là ƯCLN_(a;b;c) =>d lẻ vì  các số a,b,c là các số lẻ (1) 
    (+)        a chia hết cho d 
    (+)        b chia hết cho d 
            =>a+b chia hết cho d (2) 
Mặt khác vì  a,b là các số lẻ nên a+b sẽ chia hết cho2 (3) 
Từ (1);(2) và (3) =>\(\frac{a+b}{2}\) phải chia hết cho d 
C/m tương tự ta có \(\frac{b+c}{2};\frac{c+a}{2}\) cũng chia hết cho d

=>đpcm

Đặt \(x=\frac{2a}{b+c};y=\frac{2b}{c+a};z=\frac{2c}{a+b}\)thì ta có \(xy+yz+zx+xyz=4\)

Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh trở thành: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+5xyz\ge4\)

Đặt \(x+y+z=p;xy+yz+zx=q;xyz=r\)thì \(q+r=4\)và ta cần chứng minh \(p^2-2q+5r\ge8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow p^2-2q+5\left(r-4\right)+12\ge0\Leftrightarrow p^2-7q+12\ge0\)

*) Nếu \(4\ge p\)thì theo Schur, ta có: \(r\ge\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\Leftrightarrow4\ge q+\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow q\le\frac{p^3+36}{4p+9}\)

Nên ta cần chỉ ra rằng \(p^2-\frac{7\left(p^3+6\right)}{4p+9}+12\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(p-3\right)\left(p^2-6\right)\le0\)*đúng vì \(4\ge p\ge\sqrt{3q}\ge3\)*

*) Nếu \(p\ge4\)thì \(p^2\ge16\ge4q\Rightarrow p^2-2q+5r\ge p^2-2q\ge\frac{p^2}{2}\ge8\)

Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1 hoặc \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(2,2,0\right)\)và các hoán vị

Tuyệt quá,

Bất đẳng thức \(\frac{a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{kabc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{8}k\)

có hằng số k tốt nhất là 10.

Tức là bài toán này đúng với mọi \(k\le10\)!

Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{-\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{-\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)

giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\ge0\)

Ta có: \(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-b^2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a+\frac{b}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)

\(b+\frac{a}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-a^2\right)\le0\Rightarrow b+\frac{a}{2}\le\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)

Tương tự: \(b+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}\ge c+\frac{b}{2};a+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\ge c+\frac{a}{2}\)

Lại có:+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)

\(\ge\left(a-b\right)\left(b+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(a+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{-1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(1\right)\)

+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)

\(\le\left(a-b\right)\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+\frac{c}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)

\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(2\right)\)

Từ 1,2 => đpcm

BĐT đã cho tuong duong voi:

\(\left|\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right|\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)

Theo AM-GM ta có: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\frac{9}{8}\cdot\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a+b+c}\)

Có: \(VT\le\frac{9}{8}\left|\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\right|=\frac{9\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

Cần chứng minh: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]^2\ge9\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\)

Rõ ràng \(\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)

Cần cm: \(36\left(a+b+c\right)^2\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^4\left(b-c\right)^4\left(c-a\right)^4}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^6\left(b-c\right)^6\left(c-a\right)^6}\)

Hay \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)

Tiếp tục là điều hiển nhiên do \(VT\ge4\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]\)

\(=2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)

\(\ge6\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge VP\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\\a-b=b-c=c-a\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c.\)

1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)

\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\)  (1) 

áp dụng (x² +y² +z²)(m²+n²+p²) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)

(2a²bc +b²c² + 2b²ac+a²c² + 2c²ab+a²b²). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\)   <=> (ab+bc+ca)². VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\)  ( vậy (1) đúng)

dấu '=' khi a=b=c

4b, \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}=1-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+1-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+1-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+c^2}\)

\(\ge3-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}-\frac{bc^2}{2bc}-\frac{ca^2}{2ac}=3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

4c, 

\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}=a+b+c-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+3--\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\)\(\ge6-2\cdot\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=3\)

Ta còn có:

Bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{1}{k\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(\frac{2}{9}-k\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

đúng với mọi a,b,c,k không âm (k = \(\text{constant}\))

Ta có \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)

Áp dụng bđt cosi ta có:

\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{12.18}}=\frac{a}{2}\)

Làm tương tự

=>\(VT+\left(\frac{a+1}{12}+\frac{a+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{b+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{c+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\right)\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

=> \(VT\ge\frac{13}{36}.\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{7}{12}\ge\frac{13}{36}.3-\frac{7}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\)(ĐPCM)