Chứng minh rằng:
B=\(\frac{1}{3}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^3}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^4}\)+.....+\(\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\)+\(\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+......+\frac{1}{2013}}{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
=\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+..+\frac{1}{2013}}{\frac{2012}{1}+2+\frac{2012}{2}+1+\frac{2011}{3}+1+...+\frac{1}{2013}+1-2014}\)
=\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}{\frac{2014}{1}+\frac{2014}{2}+...+\frac{2014}{2013}-2014}\)
=\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}{2014\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}-1\right)}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2014}\)
Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}< 2\)
Xét dạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Thay vào đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}\)
\(< 2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(< 2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(< 2.\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Xét dạng tổng quát :\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right);\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right);...;\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}...+\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}< \)\(2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
mà \(2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
=\(2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2013}}< 2\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}...+\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}< 2\)
Tính giá trị biểu thức :
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{2}{2012}+\frac{3}{2011}+...+\frac{2011}{3}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2013}{1}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}}\)
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chứng minh\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}< \frac{2}{5}\)
chứng minh \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+....+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}< \frac{2}{5}\)
Tính giá trị biểu thức :
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{2}{2012}+\frac{3}{2011}+...+\frac{2011}{3}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2013}{1}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}}\)
Ta có: Tử là:
B=\(\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{2}{2012}+...+\frac{2012}{2}+\left(1+1+...+1\right)\) (2013 số hạng 1)
=\(\left(\frac{1}{2013}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{2012}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2012}{2}+1\right)+\left(1\right)\)
=\(\frac{2014}{2013}+\frac{2014}{2012}+...+\frac{2014}{2}+\frac{2014}{2014}\)
=\(2014\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}\right)\)
=>A=\(\frac{2014\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2014}}\)=2014
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1.Chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{2\cdot\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\cdot\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\cdot\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot\sqrt{2011}}+\frac{1}{2013\cdot\sqrt{2012}}\)\(< 2\)
2.Chứng minh: A= \(\frac{1}{3\cdot\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{5\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{1}{97\cdot\left(\sqrt{48}+\sqrt{49}\right)}\)\(< \frac{1}{2}\)
2.+ \(\left(2n+1\right)^2=4n^2+4n+1>4n^2+4n\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+1>\sqrt{4n\left(n+1\right)}=2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2n+1}< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Do đó : \(A< \frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{48}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{49}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
1. + \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)-n}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\cdot2\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n}\left(n+1\right)}=2\cdot\frac{n+1-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Do đó : \(A< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2\)
Bài 2 tạm thời chưa nghĩ ra :))
Tính\(\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}{2012+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+\frac{2010}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
Bài 1:
a. Chứng minh \(\frac{B}{A}\)là một số nguyên, biết rằng:
A =\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\)và B =\(\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{2011}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2010}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2012}+1\right)+1}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+\frac{2013}{4}+....+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}=2013\)
\(choA=\frac{2012+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+\frac{2009}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}}.hỏiAchia3dưbaonhiêu\)
A=\(\frac{1+\frac{2011}{2}+1+\frac{2010}{3}+1+...+\frac{1}{2012}+1+1}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=\(\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+...+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=\(\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=2013
Mà 2013: 3 = 671
Vậy A : 3 dư 0 hay\(A⋮3\)