the number of road accidents began at over 4 millions in1983 and then (1)......... steadily to nearly5 millions in1985.in the following year ,the figure (2).............at 6.5 million before (3).....3.5 millions in 1987 .There was (4) ............in the number of road accidents between 1987 and 1990,which was followed bt(5)...............to a low of just under 3 million in1991 .The year 1992 (6)............................a recovery back to 4million accidents ,but the figure then(7)....to 3 million cases at the end of period

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People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars. 

A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.

B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.

C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.

D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.

People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars. 

A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.

B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.

C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.

D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.

People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars. 

A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars. 

B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.

C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.

D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.

IX. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

Large cities often have problems that small towns and rural areas do not have. Two of the biggest problems are heavy traffic and the pollution that cars create. Of course. Traffic problems and pollution are not only found in big cities. However, the higher populations and larger number of cars on the roads in cities can make the problems happen more often and with more noticeable effects.

One of the most common traffic problems the large cities have is congestion. As the population of a city increases, so does the number of cars on the road. Cities cannot always improve the number



and size of their roads and highways to keep up with the number of cars. The result is traffic congestion, or trafficjams.

When traffic jams happen, cars that are stuck in the congestion continue to run their engines. This creates pollution and is a big problems. Pollution causes health problems for the people in citiesand also hurts the environment.

A. Match the words with their meanings. 1. rural​a. being too crowded or too full 2. noticeable​b. unable to move 3. congestion c. easy to see or recognize 4. traffic jam​d. in the countryside, not in the city 5. stuck​e. too many vehicles in one place prevents B. Choose the correct answers. 1. Where do traffic problems and pollution frequently happen? a. small towns b. rural areas​c. big cities​d. remote villages 2. According to the passage, what causes traffic congestion in big cities? a. A lot of city dwellers​b. Too many cars on the roads

c. Careless drivers​d. Less traffic signs on the streets

3. The high number of cars is caused by ​_ a. urban planning​b. traffic congestion

c. environmental pollution​d. the population

4. The highway and road network is ​of meeting the requirement of increasing number of vehicles.

a. full​b. aware​c. incapable​d. uncertain

5. Which of the followings is NOT true? 5. a. Only big cities have the problem of pollution. b. Traffic jams cause pollution c. Pollution is a major problem in big cities. d. Pollution causes health and environmental problems.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.

A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars.

B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area.

C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area.

D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars.

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.

The National Automobile Show in New York has been one of the top auto shows in the United States since 1900. On November 3 of that year, about 8,000 people looked over the “ horseless carriages”. It was opening day and the first opportunity for the automobile industry to show off its wares to large crowd; however, the black-tie audience treated the occasion more as a social affair than as sales extravaganza. It was also on the first day of this show that William Mckinley became the first U.S Present to ride in a car.

The automobile was not invented in the United States. That distinction belongs to Germany. Nikolaus Otto built the first practical internal-combustion engine there in 1876. Then, German engineer Karl Benz built what are regarded as the first modern automobiles in the mid-1880s. But the United States pioneered the merchandising of the automobile. The auto show proved to be an effective means of getting the public excited about automotive products.

By happenstance, the number of people at the first New York show equaled the entire car population of the United States at that time. In 1900, 10 million bicycles and an unknown number of horse-drawn carriages provided the prime means of personal transportation. Only about 4,000 cars were assembled in the United States in 1900, and only a quarter of those were gasoline powered. The rest ran on steam or electricity.

After viewing the cars made by forty car makers, the show’s audience favored electric cars because they were quiet. The risk of a boiler explosion turned people away from streamers, and the gasoline-powered cars produced smelly fumes. The Duryea Motor Wagon Company, which launched the American auto industry in 1895, offered a fragrant additive designed to mask the smells of the naphtha that is burned. Many of the 1900 models were cumbersome – the Gas mobile, the Franklin, and the Orient, for example, steered with a tiller like a boat instead of with a steering wheel. None of them was equipped with an automatic starter.

These early model cars were practically handmade and were not very dependable. They were basically toys of the well-to-do. In fact, Woodrow Wilson, then a professor at Princeton University and later President of the United States, predicted that automobiles would cause conflict between the wealthy and the poor. However, among the exhibitors at the 1900 show was a young engineer named Henry Ford. The cars he exhibited at the 1900 show apparently attracted no special notice. But before the end of the decade, he would revolutionize the automobile industry with his Model T Ford. The Model T, first produced in 1909, featured a standardized design and a steamlined method of production – the assembly line. Its lower costs made it available to the mass market.

Cars at the 1900 show ranged in price from 1,000 dollars to 1,500 dollars, or roughly 14,000 dollars to 21,000 in today’s prices. By 1913, the Model T was selling for less than 300 dollars , and soon the price would drop even further. “I will build cars for the multiudes,” Ford said, and he kept his promise

Approximately how many of the cars assembled in the year 1900 were gasoline powered?

A. 32 

B. 1,000 

C. 2,000 

D. 4,000

Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.

The National Automobile Show in New York has been one of the top auto shows in the United States since 1900. On November 3 of that year, about 8,000 people looked over the “ horseless carriages”. It was opening day and the first opportunity for the automobile industry to show off its wares to large crowd; however, the black-tie audience treated the occasion more as a social affair than as sales extravaganza. It was also on the first day of this show that William Mckinley became the first U.S Present to ride in a car.

The automobile was not invented in the United States. That distinction belongs to Germany. Nikolaus Otto built the first practical internal-combustion engine there in 1876. Then, German engineer Karl Benz built what are regarded as the first modern automobiles in the mid-1880s. But the United States pioneered the merchandising of the automobile. The auto show proved to be an effective means of getting the public excited about automotive products.

By happenstance, the number of people at the first New York show equaled the entire car population of the United States at that time. In 1900, 10 million bicycles and an unknown number of horse-drawn carriages provided the prime means of personal transportation. Only about 4,000 cars were assembled in the United States in 1900, and only a quarter of those were gasoline powered. The rest ran on steam or electricity.

After viewing the cars made by forty car makers, the show’s audience favored electric cars because they were quiet. The risk of a boiler explosion turned people away from streamers, and the gasoline-powered cars produced smelly fumes. The Duryea Motor Wagon Company, which launched the American auto industry in 1895, offered a fragrant additive designed to mask the smells of the naphtha that is burned. Many of the 1900 models were cumbersome – the Gas mobile, the Franklin, and the Orient, for example, steered with a tiller like a boat instead of with a steering wheel. None of them was equipped with an automatic starter.

These early model cars were practically handmade and were not very dependable. They were basically toys of the well-to-do. In fact, Woodrow Wilson, then a professor at Princeton University and later President of the United States, predicted that automobiles would cause conflict between the wealthy and the poor. However, among the exhibitors at the 1900 show was a young engineer named Henry Ford. The cars he exhibited at the 1900 show apparently attracted no special notice. But before the end of the decade, he would revolutionize the automobile industry with his Model T Ford. The Model T, first produced in 1909, featured a standardized design and a steamlined method of production – the assembly line. Its lower costs made it available to the mass market.

Cars at the 1900 show ranged in price from 1,000 dollars to 1,500 dollars, or roughly 14,000 dollars to 21,000 in today’s prices. By 1913, the Model T was selling for less than 300 dollars , and soon the price would drop even further. “I will build cars for the multiudes,” Ford said, and he kept his promise

According to the passage, people at the 1900 National Automobile Show favored cars powered by

A. electricity 

B. naphtha 

C. gasoline 

D. steam