a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6.25\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Mg hết, H₂SO₄ dư

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

            0,2--->0,2------>0,2---->0,2

=> V_H2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

b) m_{dd sau pư} = 4,8 + 117,6 - 0,2.2 = 122 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{122}.100\%=19,67\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).98}{122}.100\%=8,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

sao lại tính C% của H2SO4 dư bao nhiêu ? mà k tính toàn bộ

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2.8}{56}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

a) Chất tan : FeSO₄

Chất khí : H₂

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.05\cdot152=7.6\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

 1           1                 1            1

A là: FeSO4

B là: H2

nFe = 2,8/56 = 0,05 mol => nH2SO4 = 0,05 mol

mFeSO4 = 0,05 x (56+32+64) = 7,6 gam 

VH2 = 0,05 x 22,4 = 1,12 lit

a) Chất rắn không tan là Cu

=> m Cu = 19,2(gam)

n Mg = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 24a + 56b = 32,8 -19,2 = 13,6(1)

$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
n H2 = a + b = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2

%m Cu = 19,2/32,8  .100% = 58,54%
%m Mg = 0,1.24/32,8   .100% = 7,32%
%m Fe = 100% -58,54% -7,32% = 34,14%

b)

m dd A = 32,8 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 232,2(gam)

n MgSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)

n FeSO4 = b = 0,2(mol)

C% MgSO4 = 0,1.120/232,2   .100% = 5,17%
C% FeSO4 = 0,2.152/232,2   .100% = 13,09%

Mg+2HCl-to>MgCl2+H2

0,25----0,5------0,25-----0,25

n Mg=\(\dfrac{6}{24}\)=0,25 mol

=>VH2=0,25.22,4=5,6l

m MgCl2=0,25.95=23,75g

m HCl=0,5.36,5=18,25 g

=>m dd Hcl=100g

=>C%=\(\dfrac{23,75}{6+100-0,5}.100=22,511\%\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

             0,25 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,25 ---> 0,25

\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{18,25\%}=100\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,25.2=0,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=100+6-0,5=105,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{23,75}{105,5}=22,51\%\)

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\) 

Bài 3: 

PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ

\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Theo đề bài: \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx45,07\%\)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_________________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____________________b     (mol)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=14,2-6,4=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,03\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-38,03\%-45,07\%=16,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m_FeO = 12,6 - 5,4 = 7,2 (g)

c, Phần này đề cho dd NaOH dư hay vừa đủ bạn nhỉ?

d, Cho hh vào dd H₂SO₄ đặc nguội thì có khí thoát ra.

PT: \(2FeO+4H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2+4H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{7,2}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{FeO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{4,55}{65}=0,07(mol)\\ Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ a,n_{HCl}=0,14(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,14}{0,2}=0,7M\\ b,n_{H_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,07.22,4=1,568(l)\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,07.136=9,52(g)\\ c,ZnCl_2+2AgNO_3\to 2AgCl\downarrow+Zn(NO_3)_2\)

\(m_{dd_{ZnCl_2}}=200.0,8+4,55-0,07.2=164,41(g)\\ n_{AgCl}=0,14(mol);n_{Zn(NO_3)_2}=0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Zn(NO_3)_2}=\dfrac{0,07.189}{164,41+200-0,14.143,5}.100\%=3,84%\)