\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6.25\%}{98}=0,3\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\DungdịchB:MgSO_4;H_2SO_4dư\\ m_{ddsaupu}=4,8+117,6-0,2.2=122\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{122}.100=8,03\%\\ C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{122}.100=19,67\% \)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2.8}{56}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

a) Chất tan : FeSO₄

Chất khí : H₂

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.05\cdot152=7.6\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

 1           1                 1            1

A là: FeSO4

B là: H2

nFe = 2,8/56 = 0,05 mol => nH2SO4 = 0,05 mol

mFeSO4 = 0,05 x (56+32+64) = 7,6 gam 

VH2 = 0,05 x 22,4 = 1,12 lit

a) Chất rắn không tan là Cu

=> m Cu = 19,2(gam)

n Mg = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 24a + 56b = 32,8 -19,2 = 13,6(1)

$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
n H2 = a + b = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2

%m Cu = 19,2/32,8  .100% = 58,54%
%m Mg = 0,1.24/32,8   .100% = 7,32%
%m Fe = 100% -58,54% -7,32% = 34,14%

b)

m dd A = 32,8 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 232,2(gam)

n MgSO4 = a = 0,1(mol)

n FeSO4 = b = 0,2(mol)

C% MgSO4 = 0,1.120/232,2   .100% = 5,17%
C% FeSO4 = 0,2.152/232,2   .100% = 13,09%

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2+0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ a,V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.n_{Al}+2.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,2+2.0,3=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow H_2dư,O_2hết\\ n_{H_2O}=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)

Mg+2HCl-to>MgCl2+H2

0,25----0,5------0,25-----0,25

n Mg=\(\dfrac{6}{24}\)=0,25 mol

=>VH2=0,25.22,4=5,6l

m MgCl2=0,25.95=23,75g

m HCl=0,5.36,5=18,25 g

=>m dd Hcl=100g

=>C%=\(\dfrac{23,75}{6+100-0,5}.100=22,511\%\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

             0,25 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,25 ---> 0,25

\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{18,25\%}=100\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,25.2=0,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=100+6-0,5=105,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{23,75}{105,5}=22,51\%\)

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\) 

Bài 3: 

PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ

\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Theo đề bài: \(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx45,07\%\)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_________________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_____________________b     (mol)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=14,2-6,4=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{14,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,03\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-38,03\%-45,07\%=16,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)