*Tìm min:

\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{1}{1-a}-1+\dfrac{1}{1-b}-1\)

\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-b\right)}-2\)

\(=\dfrac{4}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\). Do đó minP=2/3

*Tìm max: \(a,b\ge0\)

\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{a-ab+b-ab}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{1-\left(a+b\right)+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+ab\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}-2\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right),\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\)

Vậy maxP=1

\(a^3+a^3+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3.a^3.1}=3a^2\)

Tương tự: \(2b^3+1\ge3b^2\) ; \(2c^3+1\ge3c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)

\(A_{min}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Lại có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c\ge0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2\left(a-\sqrt{3}\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^3\le\sqrt{3}a^2\)

Tương tự: \(b^3\le\sqrt{3}b^2\) ; \(c^3\le\sqrt{3}c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le\sqrt{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)

\(A_{max}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và các hoán vị

Áp dụng BĐT Mincopxki:

\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Lại có do \(a;b;c\ge0\) nên:

\(a^2+2b^2\le a^2+2\sqrt{2}ab+2b^2=\left(a+\sqrt{2}b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+2b^2}\le a+\sqrt{2}b\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(\Rightarrow P\le\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{2}+1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;0;0\right)\) và các hoán vị

\(a;b\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+2\sqrt{2}ab\ge a^2+2b^2\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=x\ge0\\b=y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2y+4=\left(x+2\right)y\Rightarrow xy=4\)

\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+2x}}{x+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y^2+2y}}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2}\)

\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{2x\left(x+2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2y\left(y+2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x+1+y+1}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{3x+2}{x+1}+\dfrac{3y+2}{y+1}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(3-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+3-\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)

\(P\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{x+y+2}{xy+x+y+1}=\dfrac{x+y+2}{x+y+5}=1-\dfrac{3}{x+y+5}\ge1-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{xy}+5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{4}.\dfrac{2}{3}=...\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=2\) hay \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(4;2\right)\)

1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)