4. Where__________ (you/ go) on your holiday next summer?
5. The Viking__________ (invade) Ireland in the 9th century.
6. English__________ (speak) as the primary language in many countries around the world.
7. If it__________ (not rain) today we’d take a trip to Edinburgh Castle.
8. The 12th English Teaching Conference__________ (take place) on 5-12 June.
9. Since the late 1980s, the economy of Ireland__________ (grow) rapidly.
10. Everyone__________ (sleep) when the earthquake__________ (hit) the small town two
days ago.
11. Do you have difficulty__________ (understand) your Australian friends?
12. Let’s__________ (visit) medieval castles. It’s really interesting, I think ******************************************************************

Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Air pollution has many effects_________ the environment and living organisms.
A. in B. of C. for D. on
2. The volcano has erupted approximately once every ten years_________ 1970.
A. since B. in C. from D. for
3. After a severe storm, there is often_________ along the shore that will need to be removed.
A. waste B. debris C. lava D. junk
4. In the 1980s, acid rain_________ widespread damage to forests in the areas.
A. made of B. resulted in C. led for D. caused by
5. _________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and water.
A. Even though B. While C. Since D. Because of
6. If I had the chance to take part in an International summer camp, I_________ very excited.
A. am B. was C. will be D. would be
7. _________ do earthquakes usually last? - Less than one minute.
A. How strong B. How longC. How often D. How far
8. Niagara Falls is a great natural_________ on the border of the USA and Canada.
A. castle B. loch C. spectacle D. Symbol
9. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was the most_________ natural disaster in the history of this
country.
A. destructive B. permanent C. unique D. awesome
10. “A hurricane is heading toward our home town.” - “_________”
A. That’s a relied. B. How interesting! C. Glad to hear. D. Oh my God!

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question . Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation

A. afforestation

B. reforestation

C. logging

D. lawn mowing

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Members are reminded that they are responsible for any damage caused by their guests.

A. If your guests break anything, you’ll have to pay. 

B. If guests are hurt, members have to look after them. 

C. Please don’t let guests make too much noise. 

D. Please remember to look after guests very politely.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Permanent damage to children's body may be caused by frequent contact with electronic devices.

A. Immediate

B. Long-lasting

C. Short-term

D. Serious

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off-road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long-range effects on the area’s water-conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soil resulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off-road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles

According to the passage, the damage to plants is _______.

A. unnoticeable

B. superficial

C. long-lasting

D. irreparable

Circle the best answer to complete each sentences.

1. The storms have caused a lot of _______ to the crops.

a. damage b. pollution c. improvement d. conservation

2. I was not able to sleep last night because my neighbor was playing his music so _______.

a. loud b. quietly c. raw d. well

3. My eyes really hurt when I see these bunches of dazzling lights _______ this time of the night.

a. to b. at c. for d. in

4. Continued trade in these bear products is a threat to the _______ of the species.

a. survival b. survive c. survivor d. survived

5. What is thermal pollution? Well, it's a kind of pollution _______ by human activity that changes the surrounding temperature.

a. led b. raised c. done d. caused

6. New laws have been passed to _______ wildlife in the area.

a. conservation b. conserve c. conservationist d. conserved

7. We are trying to reduce the _______ fumes that are polluting our cities.

a. exhausting b. exhausted c. exhaustion d. exhaust

8. _______ pollution occurs when radioactive waste is released into the air, water and earth, as a result of human activities.

a. Light b. Soil c. Radioactive d. Visual

9. These days people tend to buy organic foods that are free of _______ though they are much more exper

a. herbs b. herbicides c. herbal d. herb

10. Great efforts have been made to reduce levels of environmental _______.

a. pollution b. biodegrading c. protection d. awareness

11. Too much _______ light is a form a light pollution.

a. natural b. artificial c. beautiful d. dim

12. The new policy has led _______ three major strikes in the city today.

a. to b. in c. for d. at

13. The Chernobyl disaster, which happened _______ 26 April 1986, was one of the most tragic nuclear fallouts is human history.

a. at b. in c. on d. under

14. Industrial waste from a nearby factory is the main source _______ pollution in this surb.

a. of b. for c. with d. on

15. Due _______ a delay in responding to the email, she lost the job.

a. of b. for c. in d. to

16. I couldn't sleep because _______ the noise from the party nest door.

a. in b. at c. of d. with

17. By being a responsible consumer, we can reduce the damage littering causes _______ the environment.

a. in b. for c. at d. to

18. During the process of cooling down the equipment, this factory has discharged _______ a large amount of cold water into the surrounding river, causing the temperature to change.

a. / b. of c. with d. to

19. Thirteen beaches in Hong Kong have been closed due to a palm oil spill that was caused _______ a recent ship collision.

a. in b. to c. by d. with

20. Frequent exposure _______ high levels of radiation can put you at greater ricks of all sorts of cancer.

a. for b. with c. on d. to

21. There are too many telephone lines, power lines, and advertising billboards _______ this street. It's sad that visual pollution is getting in people's life almost everywhere.

a. on b. at c. with d. by

22. It was a heart-breaking sight at the lake. The children cried when seeing their beloved ducks lying dead, uncared of on shore. The reason _______ their death is still unknown.

a. for b. with c. in d. at

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off-road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long-range effects on the area’s water-conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soil resulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off-road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles

According to the passage, what is happening to native plants in these areas?

A. They are becoming more compact

B. They are adapting

C. They are invading other areas

D. They are dying

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

When the first white men came to America, they found vast amounts of natural resources of tremendous value. Forests covered a large part of the nation; later gas, oil and minerals were found in unbelievable amounts. There was a great abundance of very fertile soil. Forests, prairies, streams and rivers abounded with wildlife. So vast were these resources that it seemed that they could never be used up. So forests were destroyed to make way for farmland. Grasslands and prairies were ploughed and harrowed. Minerals and oil were used in great quantities to supply a young industrial nation. Almost every river became the scene of factories, mills and power companies. Mammals and birds were slaughtered for food and sport.

Within a short time, the results were obvious. Floods caused millions of dollars worth of damage yearly. The very fertile soil was washed away or blown up in great clouds. The seemingly inexhaustible oil and minerals showed signs of depletion. Rivers were filled with silt from eroding farms and wastes from factories. Many of the rivers were made unfit for fish. Several species of birds disappeared, and some mammals seemed on the verge of going. Future timber shortages were predicted. In short, Americans soon became to realize that some sort of conservation program must be set up, if future as well as present Americans were to share in the resources that are the heritage of every American.

The use of America's natural resources by the early settlers was___________. 

A. scientific         

B. Believable                  

C. predicted                   

D. careless