a, 12- (-4)= 16
b, 12- (-14)= 26
c, (-13)-(-5)=-8
d, (-2)-(-10)= 8

25^o

25 Độ

\(b,N=\left(2x-1\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ N_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ c,P=\left(2x-5\right)^2+6\left(2x-5\right)+9-4\\ P=\left(2x-5+3\right)^2-4=\left(2x-2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ P_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ d,Q=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ Q=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ Q_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

6a.

$M=x^2-x+1=(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{3}{4}$

$=(x-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{3}{4}\geq \frac{3}{4}$

Vậy $M_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}$ khi $x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}$

\(b,\widehat{K_1}=\widehat{KNQ}+\widehat{NQK}=41+90=131\left(góc.ngoài\right)\)

\(d,NH\perp PQ;PQ//NK\Rightarrow NH\perp NK\Rightarrow\widehat{HNK}=90\)

\(\widehat{NKQ}=180-\widehat{K_1}=180-131=49\)

\(\widehat{HAQ}=180-\widehat{HNK}-\widehat{NKQ}=180-90-49=41\)