Ta co:\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\frac{9}{3}=3\) ; \(xyz\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}=\frac{27}{27}=1\)

\(P=x^4+y^4+z^4+12\left(1-z-y+yz-x+xz+xy-xyz\right)\)

\(=x^4+y^4+z^4+12-12xyz-12\left(x+y+z\right)+12\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}+12-12.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}-12.3+12\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(\ge3+12-12.1-36+4.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\ge-33+4.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}\right)\)

\(=-33+4.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)\ge-33+4\left(xy.\frac{1}{xy}+yz.\frac{1}{yz}+zx.\frac{1}{zx}\right)^2\)

\(=-33+4\left(1+1+1\right)^2=-33+36=3\)

Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Vay \(P_{min}=3\)khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Q=\(\left(1+\dfrac{a}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{z}\right)\)

\(Q=\left(\dfrac{x+a}{x}\right)\left(\dfrac{y+a}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{z+a}{z}\right)\)\

=\(\left(\dfrac{2x+y+z}{x}\right)\left(\dfrac{2y+x+z}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{2z+x+y}{z}\right)\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(2x+y+z\right)\left(2y+x+z\right)\left(2z+x+y\right)}{xyz}\)

ÁP dụng BĐT cô si

\(2x+y+z=x+x+y+z\ge4\sqrt[4]{x^2yz}\)

\(2y+x+z=y+y+x+z\ge4\sqrt[4]{y^2xy}\)

\(2z+y+x=z+z+x+y\ge4\sqrt[4]{z^2xy}\)

=> Q\(\ge\dfrac{64.\sqrt[4]{x^4y^4z^4}}{xyz}=64\)

=> MinQ=64 khi x=y=z=a/3

\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{4}{16y}+\frac{16}{16z}\)

\(M=\frac{1^2}{16x}+\frac{2^2}{16y}+\frac{4^2}{16z}\)

\(M\ge\frac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

    \(=\frac{49}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{16x}=\frac{2}{16y}=\frac{4}{16z}=\frac{1+2+4}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{7}{16}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{7}\\y=\frac{2}{7}\\z=\frac{4}{7}\end{cases}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz 

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge xyz\)

Ta có  \(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz 

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)( 1 ) 

Xét  \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)

Ta có  \(\frac{1}{27}\ge xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{64}{27}\ge64xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{27}{64}\le\frac{1}{64xyz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4}\le3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\)( 2 ) 

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) 

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{64xyz}}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)

Vậy  \(M_{min}=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{4}{16y}+\frac{16}{16z}=\frac{1^2}{16x}+\frac{2^2}{16y}+\frac{4^2}{16z}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy Schawrz dạng Engel ta được:

\(M=\frac{1^2}{16x}+\frac{2^2}{16y}+\frac{4^2}{16z}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{16x+16y+16z}=\frac{7^2}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{49}{16.1}=\frac{49}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{1}{16x}=\frac{2}{16y}=\frac{4}{16z}\). Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{1}{16x}=\frac{2}{16y}=\frac{4}{16z}=\frac{1+2+4}{16x+16y+16z}=\frac{7}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{7}{16.1}=\frac{7}{16}\)

=>\(x=\frac{1}{7};y=\frac{2}{7};z=\frac{4}{7}\)

Vậy M_min=49/16 khi \(x=\frac{1}{7};y=\frac{2}{7};z=\frac{4}{7}\)

\(P=\frac{x+y}{xyz}=\frac{x}{xyz}+\frac{y}{xyz}=\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\)

Áp dụng Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức : \(\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\ge\frac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\)(1)

Ta có : \(\sqrt{z\left(x+y\right)}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)( theo AM-GM )

=> \(z\left(x+y\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{6}{2}\right)^2=9\)

=> \(\frac{1}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{1}{9}\)=> \(\frac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{4}{9}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) => \(P=\frac{x+y}{xyz}=\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\ge\frac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{4}{9}\)

=> P ≥ 4/9

Vậy MinP = 4/9, đạt được khi x = y = 3/2 ; z = 3