hhv vbmkj55144466

Ta có :   A = 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ... + 3^2016 

    Số lượng số của A là : 

                ( 2016 - 1 ) : 1 + 1 = 2016 ( số ) 

   Do \(2016⋮4\)nên ta nhóm 4 số liền nhau thành 1 nhóm như sau : 
        A   =     3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ... = 3^2016

   => A = ( 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 ) + ( 3^5 + 3^6 + 3^7 + 3^8 ) + ... + ( 3^2013 + 3^2014 + 3^2015 + 3^2016 ) 
   => A =   3^1 . ( 1 + 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 ) + 3^5 . ( 1 + 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 ) + ...+ 3^2013 . ( 1 + 3 + 3^2 + 3^3  )

   => A  = 3^1 . 40 + 3^5 . 40 + ... + 3^2013 . 40

   => A  =    40 . ( 3^1 + 3^5 + ...+3^2013 ) \(⋮5\)( vì 40 \(⋮5\)) ( ĐPCM ) 

Tham khảo cách của mk nhé !

A = 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ... + 3^2016 

    = ( 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 ) + ( 3^5 + 3^6 + 3^7 + 3^8 ) +....+ ( 3^2013 + 3^2014 + 3^2015 + 3^2016 )

    = 120 + 3^5 ( 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 ) + ... + 3^2013( 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 )

    = 120 + 3^5 . 120 + ... + 3^1 . 120

    = 120 . ( 1 + 3^5 + ... + 3^2013 ) chia hết cho 5

Vậy chia hết cho 5

\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2016}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2013}+3^{2014}+3^{2015}+3^{2016}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{2013}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=3.40+...+3^{2013}.40\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=40\left(3+....+3^{2013}\right)\)

Mà: \(40⋮5\)

Nên: \(40\left(3+...+3^{2013}\right)⋮5\)

Vậy ................

=> A = ( 3 + 3² ) + ( 3³ + 3⁴ ) + .... + ( 3²⁰¹⁵ + 3²⁰¹⁶ )

= 3 ( 1 + 3 ) + 3³ ( 1 + 3 ) + .... + 3²⁰¹⁵ ( 1 + 3 )

= 3.4 + 3³.4 + ... + 3²⁰¹⁵.4

= 4( 3 + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰¹⁵ ) là bội của 4 ( đpcm )

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\);.....;\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)

⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)

⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\) < 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2016}\)= \(\dfrac{2015}{2016}\) (ĐCPCM)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{456}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{456}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{457}+1\right)+1\)

\(A=458+\dfrac{458}{2}+....+\dfrac{458}{456}+\dfrac{458}{457}-\dfrac{458}{458}\)

\(A=458\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{456}+\dfrac{1}{457}+\dfrac{1}{458}\right)\)

Ta xét \(\dfrac{1}{2}+....+\dfrac{1}{456}+\dfrac{1}{457}+\dfrac{1}{458}\)có :

\(\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}>\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}>\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+....+\dfrac{1}{16}>\dfrac{1}{16}+....+\dfrac{1}{16}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{17}+\dfrac{1}{18}+....+\dfrac{1}{32}>\dfrac{1}{32}+.....+\dfrac{1}{32}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{33}+\dfrac{1}{34}+....+\dfrac{1}{64}>\dfrac{1}{64}+....+\dfrac{1}{64}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{65}+\dfrac{1}{66}+.....+\dfrac{1}{128}>\dfrac{1}{128}+....+\dfrac{1}{128}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{129}+\dfrac{1}{130}+.....+\dfrac{1}{256}>\dfrac{1}{256}+....+\dfrac{1}{256}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{257}+\dfrac{1}{258}+....+\dfrac{1}{458}>\dfrac{1}{458}+...+\dfrac{1}{458}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy ta thấy được rằng

\(\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{456}>\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{202}{458}\)

\(=4+\dfrac{202}{458}=\dfrac{2034}{458}\)

Vậy \(A>458.\dfrac{2034}{458}=2034\)

Hay tức là A > 2016 ( đpcm )

mấy bạn ơi câu b) là chứng minh C<\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nha

Chứng minh rổng quát, Nếu:

\(A=\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+3\right)}}+...+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}\) (a;b \(\in\) N*)

\(a^{2.k}.A=1-\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}+...+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n-1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}\)

\(a^{2.k}.A+A=\left(1-\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}+..+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n-1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+3\right)}}+..+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}\right)\)

\(A.\left(a^{2.k}+1\right)=1-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}< 1\)

\(A< \frac{1}{a^{2.k}+1}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán dễ thấy a = 3; k = 1

Như vậy, \(A< \frac{1}{3^{2.1}+1}=\frac{1}{3^2+1}=\frac{1}{9+1}=\frac{1}{10}=0,1\left(đpcm\right)\)