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1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)và \(x+y\ge2.\sqrt{xy}\)( dấu ''='' xảy ra ở 2 bđt này khi x=y )

Ta có \(B=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+b}=\frac{6}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{6}{a+b}+\frac{3\left(a+b\right)}{2}-\frac{3.\left(a+b\right)}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{6}{a+b}.\frac{3\left(a+b\right)}{2}}-\frac{3.2.\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)

\(=2\sqrt{9}-3.\sqrt{ab}=6-3=3\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{6}{a+b}=\frac{3.\left(a+b\right)}{2}\\a=b\\a.b=1\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{6}{2a}=\frac{3.2a}{2}\\a=b\\a.b=1\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}12a^2=12\\a=b\\a.b=1\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Cosi: ab <= 1/4 
Quy đồng P, ta đc: 
P = (2ab+1)/(ab+2). 
Ta cm P <= 2/3 
<=> 3(2ab+1) <= 2(ab+2) 
<=> ab<= 1/4 (đúng) 
Vậy maxP = 2/3 khi a=b =1/2

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\right)+\left(ab+\dfrac{16}{ab}\right)+\dfrac{17}{2ab}\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{16ab}{ab}}+\dfrac{17}{\dfrac{2\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}\)

\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+8+\dfrac{34}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{4^2}+8+\dfrac{34}{4^2}=\dfrac{83}{8}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=2\)

Đáp án A

Ta có   log 2 a b - 8 log b - 8 3 ⇔ log a b 2 - 8 log b a - 8 3 = - 8 3 ⇔ log a b 3 = 8 ⇔ log a b = 2

Khi đó P = log a a a b 3 + 2017 = log a a 4 3 . b 1 3 + 2017 = 4 3 . log a a + 1 3 . log a b + 2017 = 4 3 + 2 3 + 2017 = 2019 .