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s<2/3

Bài 1

a) S = 1 + 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰²³

2S = 2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁴

S = 2S - S = (2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰²⁴) - (1 + 2 + 2² + 2³)

= 2²⁰²⁴ - 1

b) B = 2²⁰²⁴

B - 1 = 2²⁰²⁴ - 1 = S

B = S + 1

Vậy B > S

a,

\(S=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2023}\)

\(2S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2024}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2^{2024}-1\)

b.

Do \(2^{2024}-1< 2^{2024}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< B\)

2.

\(H=3+3^2+...+3^{2022}\)

\(\Rightarrow3H=3^2+3^3+...+3^{2023}\)

\(\Rightarrow3H-H=3^{2023}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow2H=3^{2023}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{3^{2023}-3}{2}\)

Bài 2

H = 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰²²

⇒ 3H = 3² + 3³ + 3⁴ + ... + 3²⁰²³

⇒2H = 3H - H

= (3² + 3³ + 3⁴ + ... + 3²⁰²³) - (3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3²⁰²²)

= 3²⁰²³ - 3

⇒ H = (3²⁰²³ - 3) : 2

Ta có :\(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{90}=\left(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+...+\frac{1}{90}\right)\)

                   60 số hạng                                                              30 số hạng                                     30 số hạng

\(>\left(\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{90}+\frac{1}{90}+...+\frac{1}{90}\right)=30.\frac{1}{60}+30.\frac{1}{90}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}\)

Vậy \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{90}>\frac{5}{6}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}=30.\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}+...+\frac{1}{90}>\frac{1}{90}+\frac{1}{90}+...+\frac{1}{90}=30.\frac{1}{90}=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{90}>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{90}>\frac{5}{6}\) (đpcm)