\(\frac{a}{b}=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{196}\)=\(\left(1+\frac{1}{196}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{195}\right)+....+\left(\frac{1}{98}+\frac{1}{99}\right)\)

\(=\frac{197}{196}+\frac{197}{2.195}+...+\frac{197}{98.99}\)

Đặt 1.2.3...196 làm mẫu số chung. Các thừa số phụ lần lượt là các số tự nhiên k₁,k₂,k₃,...,k₁₉₆

=>\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{197.k_1+197.k_2+...+197.k_{196}}{1.2.3....196}=\frac{197\left(k_1+k_2+...+k_{196}\right)}{1.2.3...196}\)

Vì 197 là số nguyên tố nên khi rút gọn phân số a/b về tối giản thì trên tử vẫn còn thừa số 197

=>đpcm

Giải:

a)  \(\dfrac{7}{x}< \dfrac{x}{4}< \dfrac{10}{x}\) 

\(\Rightarrow7< \dfrac{x^2}{4}< 10\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{28}{4}< \dfrac{x^2}{4}< \dfrac{40}{4}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x^2=36\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=6\) 

b) \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\) 

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\) 

\(...\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}=\dfrac{1}{9.9}< \dfrac{1}{8.9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8.9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{8}{9}\left(1\right)\) 

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}>\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}>\dfrac{1}{3.4}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}>\dfrac{1}{4.5}\) 

 \(...\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}=\dfrac{1}{9.9}>\dfrac{1}{9.10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9.10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{2}{5}\left(2\right)\) 

Từ (1) và (2), ta có:

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}< A< \dfrac{8}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)

a ) 

Theo bài ra: (a - 4) chia hết cho 5 => (a - 4) + 20 chia hết cho 5 => a + 16 chia hết cho 5

(a - 5) chia hết cho 7 => (a - 5) + 21 chia hết cho 7 => a + 16 chia hết cho 7

(a - 6) chia hết cho 11 => (a - 6) + 22 chia hết cho 11 => a + 16 chia hết cho 11 

=> a + 16 thuộc BC(5; 7; 11) 

Mà BCNN(5; 7; 11) = 385

=> a + 16 thuộc B(385) = {0; 385; 770; ...}

=> a thuộc {-16; 369; 754;...}

Vì a là số tự nhiên nhỏ nhất

=> a = 369 

b ) \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}.\)

Ta có : 

\(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)

\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)

.....................

\(\frac{1}{2012^2}=\frac{1}{2012.2012}< \frac{1}{2011.2012}\)

Ta có :

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2012}\)

\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}.< \frac{2011}{2012}\)

Mà \(\frac{2011}{2012}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}< 1\)

\(b)\)\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)​

\(< \)\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{2010.2011}+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)

\(< \)\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)

\(< \)\(1-\frac{1}{2012}\)\(=\frac{2011}{2012}< 1\)

Vậy Biểu thức    \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{2011^2}+\frac{1}{2012^2}\)\(< 1\)

\(a)\)

Theo bài ra: \(\left(a-4\right)⋮5\Rightarrow\left(a-4\right)+20⋮5\Rightarrow a+16⋮5\)

\(\left(a-5\right)⋮7\Rightarrow\left(a-5\right)+21⋮7\Rightarrow a+16⋮7\)

\(\left(a-6\right)⋮11\Rightarrow\left(a-6\right)+22⋮11\Rightarrow a+16⋮11\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(a+16\in BC\left(5;7;11\right)\)

Mà \(BCNN\left(5;7;11\right)=385\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(a+16\in B\left(385\right)=\left\{0;385;770;...\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(a\in\left\{-16;369;754;...\right\}\)

Vì a là số tự nhiên nhỏ nhất \(\Rightarrow\) \(a=369\)

1. A = 75(4²⁰⁰⁴ + 4²⁰⁰³ +...+ 4² + 4 + 1) + 25

    A = 25 . [3 . (4²⁰⁰⁴ + 4²⁰⁰³ +...+ 4² + 4 + 1) + 1]

    A = 25 . (3 . 4²⁰⁰⁴ + 3 . 4²⁰⁰³ +...+ 3 . 4² + 3 . 4 + 3 + 1)

    A = 25 . (3 . 4²⁰⁰⁴ + 3 . 4²⁰⁰³ +...+ 3 . 4² + 3 . 4 + 4)

    A = 25 . 4 . (3 . 4²⁰⁰³ + 3 . 4²⁰⁰² +...+ 3 . 4 + 3 + 1)

    A =100 . (3 . 4²⁰⁰³ + 3 . 4²⁰⁰² +...+ 3 . 4 + 3 + 1) \(⋮\) 100

3a) |x| = 1/2 

=> x = 1/2 hoặc x = -1/2

với x = 1/2:

A = \(3.\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-2.\frac{1}{2}+1\)

\(A=\frac{3}{4}-1+1=\frac{3}{4}\)

với x = -1/2

A = \(3.\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-2\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)+1\)

\(A=\frac{3}{4}+1+1=\frac{3}{4}+2=\frac{11}{4}\)

2.

A=\(\frac{\left(1+2+3+.....+99+100\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{9}\right)\left(63.1,2-21.3,6\right)}{1-2+3-4+......+99-100}\)\

A=0