Note 45

SỰ KẾT HỢP TỪ VỚI CÁC DANH TỪ THÔNG DỤNG

 Advice

-    follow/ take/ listen to/get on sb’s advice (nghe theo lời khuyên của ai)

-    get/ obtain/ receive advice (nhận lời khuyên)

Bill

-    pay/ settle/ pick up a bill (trả một hóa đơn)

-    be landed with/ face a bill (chịu một hóa đơn)

-    an unpaid bill (một hóa đơn chưa thanh toán)

Career

-    at the height/ peak of one’s carreer (ở đỉnh cao sự nghiệp)

-    embark on a career (dấn thân vào một nghề)

-    have a careeer in (có sự nghiệp trong lĩnh vực)

-    climb the career ladder (thăng tiến nghề nghiệp)

-    week/ ruin one’s career (hủy hoại sự nghiệp của mình)

-    a promising/ brilliant career (sự nghiệp đầy hứa hẹn)

Chance

-    get/have a chance (có cơ hội)

-    give/ offer/ provide a chance (tạo cơ hội)

- jump at/ seize/ grab a chance (nắm lấy cơ hội)

-    not stand a chance of doing sth (không có khả năng làm gì)

-    sheer/ pure chance (sự tình cờ hoàn toàn)

-    good/ fair/ high/strong chance (khả năng cao)

-    minimal/ slight/ little chance (khả năng mong manh)

Demand

-    meet/ satisfy/cope with a demand (đáp ứng/ thỏa mãn nhu cầu)

-    increase/ boost/ stimulate demand (tăng nhu cầu)

-    big/ huge/ great/ considerable/ enormous/ strong demand (nhu cầu lớn/ cao)

Difference

-    make a difference (tạo ra/ mang sự khác biệt)

-    make all the difference (thay đổi lớn)

-    tell the difference (phân biệt)

-    feel/ know/ notice/ see/ perceive/ the difference (cảm nhận, nhận thức sự khác biệt)

-    considerable/ enormous/ profound/ dramatic/ sharp difference (sự khác biệt đáng kể, rõ rệt)

-    with a difference (đặc biệt khác thường)

Difficulty

-    have/ experience/ encounter/ face/ get into/ run into difficulties (gặp khó khăn)

-    do sth with/ without difficulty (làm gì một cách khó khăn/ dễ dàng)

-  solve/ cope with/ deal with difficulties (giải quyết khó khăn)

-    overcome/ surmount difficulties (vượt qua khó khăn)

-    great/ enormous/ considerabke/ serious difficulty (khó khăn lớn, nghiêm trọng)

Fault

-    find/ locate/ identify/ discover fault (tìm lỗi)

-    correct/ fix/ repair/ recify a fault (sữa chữa một lỗi)

-    be all/ entirely one’s own fault (hoàn toàn do lỗi của ai)

-    be hardly one’s own fault (hầu như không phải lỗi của ai)

-    at fault (chịu trách nhiệm về một sai lầm)

Favour

-    do sb a favour (làm giúp ai điều gì)

-    ask a favour (hỏi xin một ân huệ)

-    owe sb a favour (mang ơn ai)

-    return a favour (đáp lại một ân huệ)

-    find/ gain/ win favour (có được sự ủng hộ)

-    in favour of sth (ủng hộ, tán thành cái gì)

Habit

-    be in/ have the habit of (có thói quen)

-    form/ get into/ fall into/ make/ develop/ acquire a habit (hình thành, tạo thành một thói quen)

-    change a habit (thay đổi một thói quen)

-    break/ give up/ get out of a habit (bỏ một thói quen)

-    by habit (do thói quen)

-    out of habit (vì thói quen)

Measure

-    adopt/ take/ implement/ impose/ inưoduce a measure (thực hiện/ áp dụng một giải pháp)

-    appropriate/ effective/ necessary/ practical measure (giải pháp thích hợp/ hiệu quả/ cần thiết thực tế)

-  short-term/ temporary measure (giải pháp tạm thời)

Occupation

-    follow/ take up an occupation (theo một nghề)

-    choose an occupation (chọn một nghề)

-    give up one’s occupation (bỏ nghề)

Opportunity

-    have/ find/ get an opportunity (có/ tìm được một cơ hội)

-    have ample/ considerable/ plenty of opportunity (có nhiều cơ hội)

-    have limited/ little/ not much opportunity (có ít cơ hội)

-    a good/ great/ wonderful/ golden opportunity (cơ hội tốt, cơ hội tuyệt vời, cơ hội vàng)

Problem                      .

-    encounter/ be faced with/ confront/ be confronted with/ face a problem (gặp phải một vấn đề)

-    solve/ deal with/ clear up/ overcome/ address/ tackle a problem (giải quyết/ vượt qua một vấn đề)

-    big/ great/ serious/ acute problem (vấn đề lớn/ nghiêm trọng)

Popularity

-    gain/ grow/ enjoy popularity (ngày càng được ưa thích)

-  at the peak of sbV sth’s popularity (ở đỉnh cao của sự nổi tiếng)

-    an increase/ a rise in popularity (sự ưa chuộng, gia tăng)

-    a decline/ drop in popularity (giảm/ ít nổi tiếng)

Relationship

-    have/ enjoy a close/ good relationship (có mối liên hệ gần gũi/ tốt)

-    build (up)/ develop/ establish/ foster a relationship (xây dựng/ thiêt lập mối quan hệ)

-    improve/ strengthen a relationship (cải thiện, củng cố mối quan hệ)

Standard

-    set a Standard (đưa ra, lập ra một tiêu chuẩn)

-    meeư achieve/conform to/ comply with standards (đáp ứng, đảm bảo tiêu chuẩn)

-    raise/ improve standards (nâng cao/ cải thiện chất lượng)

Subject

-    bring up a subject (đưa ra một đề tài)

-   

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

The word "complicated" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ___________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children's progress should only be estimated by _____________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

According to the first paragraph, what basic skills do children learn to do without being taught?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

The word "he" in the first paragraph refers to ___________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

     Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle - compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

     If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

     Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, some¬thing they will need to get on in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.

What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, tr or I) to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

     Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they are unwanted. They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede fanning. Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss. They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.

     The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.

     In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.

     The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.

The word "innate" is closest in meaning to _____________.

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