a2 là a² hay là a.2

Bài 1:

Biến đổi tương đương thôi:

\((ac+bd)^2+(ad-bc)^2=a^2c^2+b^2d^2+2abcd+a^2d^2+b^2c^2-2abcd\)

\(=a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2=(a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)\)

Ta có đpcm

Bài 2: Áp dụng kết quả bài 1:

\((a^2+b^2)(c^2+d^2)=(ac+bd)^2+(ad-bc)^2\geq (ac+bd)^2\) do \((ad-bc)^2\geq 0\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(ad=bc\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky:

\(7-a=b+c+d\le\sqrt{3\left(b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}=\sqrt{3\left(13-a^2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(7-a\right)^2\le3\left(13-a^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow49-14a+a^2\le39-3a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-14a+10\le0\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-1\right)\left(2a-5\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\le a\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)

Vậy \(A_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)khi \(b=c=d=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

2

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1=a\left(b+c+d+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4=4ab+4ac+4ad+4a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4ab+4b^2+a^2-4ac+4c^2+a^2-4ad+4d^2+a^2-4a+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2b\\a=2c\\a=2d\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=c=d=1\end{matrix}\right.\).

Vậy \(\left(a,b,c,d\right)=\left(2,1,1,1\right)\)

Refer:

a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e)

Ta có: a² + b² + c² + d² + e²= (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²)

Lại có: (a/2 - b)² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 - ab + b² ≥ 0 <=> a²/4 + b² ≥ ab

Tương tự ta có:. a²/4 + c² ≥ ac.

a²/4 + d² ≥ ad.

a²/4 + e² ≥ ae

--> (a²/4 + b²) + (a²/4 + c²) + (a²/4 + d²) + (a²/4 + e²) ≥ ab + ac + ad + ae

<=> a² + b² + c² + d² + e² ≥ a(b + c + d + e)

=> đpcm.

Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a/2 = b = c = d = e.