đặt \(\dfrac{x+2y}{3}=\dfrac{y+2z}{4}=\dfrac{z+2x}{5}=t\)

vậy ta đc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=3t\left(1\right)\\y+2z=4t\left(2\right)\\z+2x=5t\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

từ (1) ta có: x = 3t - 2y

thay vào (3) ta được: z + 2 × (3t - 2y) = 5t

=> z + 6t - 4y = 5t     => z = -t + 4y (3')

từ (2) ta có: \(z=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\left(2'\right)\)

từ (2') và (3')  ta có:

\(-t+4y=\dfrac{4t-y}{2}\\ -2t+8y=4t-y\\ 9y=6t=>y=\dfrac{2}{3}t\)

thay vào (1): \(x=3t-2\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t=3t-\dfrac{4}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)
thay vào (2'): \(z=\dfrac{4t-\dfrac{2}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{3}t}{2}=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)

vậy: \(x=\dfrac{5}{3}t;y=\dfrac{2}{3}t;z=\dfrac{5}{3}t\)

thay các giá trị này vào biểu thức trên ta được:

\(xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}t+\dfrac{2}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t+\dfrac{5}{3}t\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}t\\ xy+yz+2zx=\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{10}{9}t^2+\dfrac{50}{9}t^2\\ =>\dfrac{70}{9}t^2=280=>t=6\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\\y=\dfrac{2}{3}t=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\\y=\dfrac{5}{3}t=\dfrac{5}{3}\cdot6=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

vậy các số x; y; z cần tìm lần lượt là 10; 4; 10

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y+z=4a\\2y+x+z=4b\\2z+x+y=4c\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=3a-b-c\\y=3b-c-a\\z=3c-a-b\end{cases}}\)thay vào biểu thức đó

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2x+y+z}+\frac{y}{2y+x+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x+y}\)

\(=\frac{3a-b-c}{4a}+\frac{3b-c-a}{4b}+\frac{3c-a-b}{4c}\)

\(=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{b-c}{4a}+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4b}+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{a-b}{4c}\)

\(=\frac{9}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT sau: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\ge6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\ge\frac{6}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\)

Từ đó ta có: \(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}+\frac{y}{2y+x+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x+y}\le\frac{3}{4}\)(đpcm).

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z.

Theo Cauchy Schwarz:

\(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\frac{y}{2y+z+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{y}{y+x}+\frac{y}{y+z}\right);\frac{z}{2z+y+x}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{z}{z+y}+\frac{z}{z+x}\right)\)

Cộng lại:

\(D\le\frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}+\frac{y}{2y+x+z}+\frac{z}{2z+x+y}\)

\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)

Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(F=\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)

\(maxF=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)