1. Read the passage then choose the best answers

Money is something we all take for granted in our lives. Some of us may wish we had more of it but we all recognize it when we see it, whether in the form of coins, notes or cheques. It is difficult to imagine how people managed without money. In the earliest periods of human history, people used to exchange goods directly. They would exchange things they had plenty of for things that they were in need of. For example, they might offer food for tools. This method of exchange, which is known as “barter”, has many disadvantages. Certain goods may be difficult to carry, they may not last long, or may be impossible to divide into smaller units. It can also be difficult to know the worth of something compared with other goods.

According to historians, the first money, in the sense we understand it today, consisted of gold coins produced about 2,500 years ago. Gold, being a very precious metal, was a suitable material. The introduction of gold coins was acceptable to everyone and they were still being used at the beginning of this century, although they have now been replaced by paper money and coins made of ordinary metals.

1. In the old days, people exchanged………..

A. what they needed for what they had B. food for tools

C. what they had for what they needed D. goods for money

2. “barter” is a system of exchange in which ………

A. food is exchanged for tools B. no money is used

C. money is used to buy things D. goods are difficult to carry

3. Direct exchange of goods is ……. because some gods may be too big to carry.

A. advantageous B. precious C. impossible D. disadvantages

4. According to historians, the first money was ………

A. made of paper B. made of gold C. made of coins D. made of 2000 years ago

5. Modern money is made of ……….

A. gold B. paper or gold

C. ordinary metals D. paper or ordinary metals

2. Read the passage and fill one suitable word in each blank.

Everyone is becoming aware that the environment is a (0) .... serious.... issue. However, we have not done (1) .......... to deal with this problem because we seem to wait for governments to (2) ........... actions. In my opinion, individuals can do many things to help (3) .......... the problem. To begin (4) .........., we can be more responsible in the (5) .......... we dispose of waste. We should not throw rubbish into lakes and (6) ........... . Moreover, we also need to (7) .......... the water we use. Fresh water (8) ..........drinking is running out in many (9) .......... of the world. Finally, I think that if we use (10) ........... transport more we can reduce air pollution in cities.

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II. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it. (5ms)

1. We arrived too late to see the first film.

We didn’t ……………………………………………………………………………….

2. People use money for buying and selling goods.

Money …………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Although they have different characters, they are close friends.

In ………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. The last time I saw my uncle was in 1999.

I haven’t …………………………………………………………………………………

5. I’m sorry I was late yesterday.

I apologize …………………………………………………………………………….

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the following questions.

In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.

During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the world, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished during this period.

By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed Congress to issue money. The individual States could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.

Question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period?

A.  Wampum

B.  Cotton

C.  Beaver furs

D.  Tobacco

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the following questions.

In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.

During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the world, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished during this period.

By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed Congress to issue money. The individual States could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period?

A. Wampum

B. Cotton

C. Beaver furs

D. Tobacco

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

A _________ is a large animal that lives in deserts and is used for carrying goods and people.

A. slope

B. dune

C. spinifex

D. camel

Have you ever followed instructions for knitting something or have you read a piece of music? If you have, you have behaved in a smilar way(1)............ a computer. A computer obey a program to carry out a particular task. Just(2)..............a knitting pattern is expressed in numbers and piece of music in line and dots, so a computer program is(3)................... in the form of programming language. Like the English language(or any other language), there are (4)................... of grammar, and a program must be correct in every way.

there are hundreds of programming languege, but only(5)............... are well-known and widely used. The most popular language which is used in offices(6)............ Cobol. This language is used for printing payrolls and keeoing records of goods. Engineers and scientists use Fortran(7)................. carry out calculations.(8)............ neither of these two programs is very popular with people working on home computers. Basis is the most popular language for home computera,chiefly(9)........... it is easy to learn and use.

(10)................. these language are useful for many purposes, it is time that a new simple program was devised. Such a prigram ought to be not only easy to use but also completely reliable.

1.a) to b)as c)so d)from

2.a)like b)by c)too d)as

3.a)expensive b)expresses c)xepressed d)expressing

4.a)rules b)laws c)regulations d)principles

5.a)a little b)a few c)much d)a lot of

6.a)called b)calling c)is called d)is calling

7.a)so as for b)in order that c)so as that d)in order to

8.a)In addition b)Therefore c)Consequently d)However

9.a)because b)if c)because of d)unless

10.a)Even b)Despite c)Althought d)In spite

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33  to 42.

What is meant by the term economic resources? In general, these are all the natural, man-made, and human resources that go into the (33) of goods and services. Economic resources can be broken down into (34) general categories: property resource – land and capital, and human resources – labor and entrepreneurial skills.

What do economists mean (35) land? Much more than the non-economist, land refers to all the natural resources (36) are usable in the production process: arable land, forests, mineral and oil deposits, and (37) _ on. What about capital? Capital goods are all the man-made aids to producing, storing, transporting, and distributing goods and (38). Capital goods differ from consumer goods in that (39) satisfy wants directly, while the former do so indirectly by facilitating the production of consumer goods. It should be noted that capital as defined here does  not (40) to money. Money, as such, produces nothing.

The term labor refers to the physical and mental talents of humans used to produce goods and services (with the exception of a certain set of human talents, entrepreneurial skills, which will be considered separately because of their special significance). Thus the services of a factory worker or an office  worker, a ballet (41) or an astronaut all fall (42) the general heading of labor.

Điền vào ô 42

A. into 

B. from 

C. under 

D. to

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33  to 42.

What is meant by the term economic resources? In general, these are all the natural, man-made, and human resources that go into the (33) of goods and services. Economic resources can be broken down into (34) general categories: property resource – land and capital, and human resources – labor and entrepreneurial skills.

What do economists mean (35) land? Much more than the non-economist, land refers to all the natural resources (36) are usable in the production process: arable land, forests, mineral and oil deposits, and (37) _ on. What about capital? Capital goods are all the man-made aids to producing, storing, transporting, and distributing goods and (38). Capital goods differ from consumer goods in that (39) satisfy wants directly, while the former do so indirectly by facilitating the production of consumer goods. It should be noted that capital as defined here does  not (40) to money. Money, as such, produces nothing.

The term labor refers to the physical and mental talents of humans used to produce goods and services (with the exception of a certain set of human talents, entrepreneurial skills, which will be considered separately because of their special significance). Thus the services of a factory worker or an office  worker, a ballet (41) or an astronaut all fall (42) the general heading of labor.

Điền vào ô 34

A. many 

B. six

C. two  

D. some

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33  to 42.

What is meant by the term economic resources? In general, these are all the natural, man-made, and human resources that go into the (33) of goods and services. Economic resources can be broken down into (34) general categories: property resource – land and capital, and human resources – labor and entrepreneurial skills.

What do economists mean (35) land? Much more than the non-economist, land refers to all the natural resources (36) are usable in the production process: arable land, forests, mineral and oil deposits, and (37) _ on. What about capital? Capital goods are all the man-made aids to producing, storing, transporting, and distributing goods and (38). Capital goods differ from consumer goods in that (39) satisfy wants directly, while the former do so indirectly by facilitating the production of consumer goods. It should be noted that capital as defined here does  not (40) to money. Money, as such, produces nothing.

The term labor refers to the physical and mental talents of humans used to produce goods and services (with the exception of a certain set of human talents, entrepreneurial skills, which will be considered separately because of their special significance). Thus the services of a factory worker or an office  worker, a ballet (41) or an astronaut all fall (42) the general heading of labor.

Điền vào ô 37

A. so 

B. come 

C. such

D. go