a)

$n_{CaCO_3} = 0,12(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,6(mol)

                         \(CaCO_3+2HCl\text{→}CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

Ban đầu             0,12          0,6                                                         (mol)

Phản ứng           0,12          0,24                                                        (mol)

Sau pư                  0            0,36                    0,12                              (mol)

$V = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688(lít)$

b)

$n_{Cl^-} = 0,6(mol) ; n_{H^+} = 0,36(mol)$
$n_{Ca^{2+}} = 0,12(mol)$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,6}{0,2} = 3M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,36}{0,2} = 1,8M$
$[Ca^{2+}] = \dfrac{0,12}{0,2} = 0,6M$

a,\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{12}{100}=0,12\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

Mol:       0,12                                  0,12

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,12}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\)⇒ HCl dư,CaCO₃ pứ hết

\(V_{CO_2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

           0,4-->0,6---------->0,2------->0,6

=> \(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\)

b) V_H2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44 (l)

c) \(C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) 
           0,4     0,6                   0,2             0,6 
\(C_M_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\\ V_{H_2}=0,622,4=13,44L\) 
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=1,3M\)

Bài 8:

nH2SO4=0,5(mool)

PTHH: 2 KOH + H2SO4 -> K2SO4 + 2 H2O

nKOH= 2.0,5=1(mol) => mKOH=1.56=56(g)

=> mddKOH= (56.100)/25=224(g)

Bài 7: 

mddNaOH= 2.1000.1,15=2300(g)

=> mNaOH=2300.30%=690(g)

=>nNaOH=690/40=17,25(mol)

??? Ủa xút là NaOH mà??

Bài 6:

nSO2= 0,784/22,4=0,035(mol)

PTHH: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaSO3 + H2O

nCa(OH)2=nSO2=0,035(mol)

=> CMddCa(OH)2= 0,035/0,25=0,14(M)

.

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,1=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ c,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)

a, \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow CM_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\)

b, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,46\left(ml\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{37,2}{62}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{1,2}{0,5}=2,4M\\ b,PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6\cdot98=58,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{58,8\cdot100\%}{20\%}=294\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd}=\dfrac{294}{1,14}\approx257,9\left(ml\right)\)

n_H2 = 85,12 : 22,4 = 3,8 (mol) ; n_H2O = V_H2O.D = 108 (g) => n_H2O = 108/18 = 6 (mol)

PTHH:

2Na + 2C₂H₅OH → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂↑

                x          → 0,5x    (mol)

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂↑

           6       → 3       (mol)

Ta có: n_H2 = 0,5x + 3 = 3,8

=> x = 1,6 (mol) = n_C2H5OH

m_C2H5OH = 1,6.46 = 73,6 (g)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

____0,1______0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)

a, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)