think he will get ________ the shock in such a short period of time. A. off B. out C. over D. away 93. You __________ give me a lift. I can easily catch a bus. A. don’t have B. needn’t C. don’t need D. mustn’t 94. Martin tried on three jackets, ___________ fitted him. A. none B. none of which C none of them D. not 95. I have English classes ________ day ; on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. A. all other B. each other C. every other D. any other 96. _______________ caused certain diseases such as malaria was not known until the early 20 th century. A. That mosquitoes B. Mosquitoes C. Since mosquitoes D. Mosquitoes which 97. It’s essential that every student __________ the exam before attending the course. A. pass B. passes C. would pass D. passed 98. - Did your brother go to France ? - No, our parents suggested that we_____________ there at night. A. won’t go B. don’ t go C. not go D. not to go 99. _____________________ appear, they are really much larger than the Earth. A. As the small stars B. The stars as small C. Despite of the small stars D. Small as the stars 100. I haven’t seen Peter for a long time. I will _________ him this weekend. A. call for B. call in C. call off D. call on

SETI: The Dream of Life in Space

      People have always gazed up at the stars in wonder. Their imaginations are filled with possibility as they think carefully how large the universe is and whether or not we are alone in it. Of all the stars out there, are there intelligent beings on a planet circling one of the stars looking back at us and wondering the same thing?
      It is difficult to comprehend how many stars there are, or even to guess the possibilities of their being intelligent life. Yet our interest in finding out is so strong that the search has been going on for over a century. What we consider the modem Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) began around 1960.
      The SETI project not what many people think it is. A simple explanation is that scientists study electromagnetic waves that are being emitted throughout the universe. When they are looking at these waves, they have a good idea of what are considered natural, random patterns the waves take. Therefore, they are searching for anything that does not appear to be randomly. If they were able to find something non-random, they would believe that an intelligent sources of some kind must be creating it. Inother words, intelligent life would have to exist somewhere else in the universe.
      While the SETI project will continue lo listen for signals from an intelligent sources, other progammes hope to find any source of life. The Mars rovers will continue to search for dry lake beds and other areas on the Red Planet that may have once held life. If any lifecan be found outside the earth, then we are probably on our way to finding life that could be similar to our own.
36. How long has the search for life in outer space been going on?
      A. For a few years                                                B. Not over two decades
      C. Since 1960                                                       D. More than a hundred years
37. What are the people in the SETIproject listening for?
      A. Random waves                                                B.Specific voice in the universe
      C. Patterns that are not random                            D. Special time signals
38. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
      A. People have long wondered if we are alone in the universe.
      B. Scientists searching for any form or life that is found elsewhere than the earth.
      C.Signals from intelligent sources will most likely be random.
      D. The roverson Mars are looking for signs of life.
39. When did the modernsearch for intelligent life begin?
      A. It began around 1960.
      B. It has been going on since the beginning of time.
      C.There is no record of when it began.
      D. It has not actually begun yet.
40. Why are people searching for intelligent life in space?
      A. Because they want to meet aliens.
      B. Because they have a strong interest in it.
      C. Because it is the reason for people's existence.
      D. Because life must exist somewhere else.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The elements other than hydrogen and helium exist in such small quantities that it is accurate to say that the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhat less than 75 percent hydrogen.

Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and in other galaxies as well. Helium has been found in old stars, in relatively young ones, in interstellar gas, and in the distant objects known as quasars. Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic rays are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds). It doesn’t seem to make very much difference where the helium is found. Its relative abundance never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains about the same.

Helium is created in stars. In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent. The universe has not existed long enough for this figure to be significant greater. Consequently, if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium now, then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning.

However, when the universe was less than one minute old, no helium could have existed. Calculations indicate that before this time temperature were too high and particles of matter were moving around much too rapidly. It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist. By this time, the universe had cooled so sufficiently that neutrons and protons could stick together. But the nuclear reactions that led to the formations of helium went on for only relatively short time. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production had effectively ceased.

The creation of helium within stars ______ 

A. produces hydrogen as a by-product 

B. causes helium to be much more abundant in old stars than in young st

C. produces energy 

D. cannot be measured 

Read the text below and choose the correct word or phrase (A, B, C or D) for each space. Write your answer on the answer sheet. (2.5 points)

PLANET EARTH

Planet earth is part of a system of planets and their moons, as well as numerous asteroids and comets which (1) _____ around a huge star, the Sun. The Sun itself (2) _____ of gas. Nuclear reactions inside its core (3) _____ the heat and light that make life on the Earth (4) _____ . The Earth is the third of four small terrestrial (Earth like) planets (5) _____ orbit close to the Sun. Further out in our Solar System are four huge gas planets, while distant Pluto, (6) _____ planet, is made (7) _____ rock and ice. Our Earth is one of the ten planets that orbit the Sun - a huge, burning-hot star in the center of our Solar System. The Solar System and all the stars in the (8) _____ are part of our galaxy - the Milky Way, which (9) _____ as many as 200 billions stars. Beyond our galaxy (10) _____ millions more galaxies. They all add together to make up the Universe.

1. (A) run (B) orbit (C) turn (D) walk

2. (A) consists (B) remains (C) includes (D) maintains

3. (A) produce (B) product (C) production (D) productive

4. (A) able (B) possibility (C) possible (D) ability

5. (A) who (B) where (C) what (D) which

6. (A) the smaller (B) smallest (C) the most smallest (D) the smallest

7. (A) from (B) of (C) for (D) in

8. (A) space (B) sea (C) moon (D) sky

9. (A) consists (B) makes from (C) stays (D) contains

10. (A) is (B) are (C) to be (D) get

Read the followingpassage and mark the letter A, B, C or D onyour answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Stellar Astronomy

Many parameters are used to describe a star. One of them is its temperature, which can be determined by simple observation; the color of a star and its temperature are related. Once the color of a star is identified, its temperature can be calculated through the use of scientific principles such as Wien’s Law.

There are different types of stars in the universe. For our purposes, we can classify them into two categories: variable and binary. Variable stars are those which show some degree of variability in their luminosity and magnitude. Luminosity refers to the amount of energy radiated by a star, while magnitude refers to its brightness. At time the degree of variability may be high, requiring a telescope with an equally high light- gathering power. This can be achieved by using a lens of large diameter, such as that of a reflecting telescope.

Binary stars are those found in pairs that revolve around a common center. The closest star to the sun, Proxima Centauri, is a binary star. To observe a binary star, the resolving power of a telescope - its ability to distinguish between two close objects having a small angular separation - must be very high.

Stellar astronomy is possible for a everyone, well beyond mere looking at the sky with the naked eye in order to identify constellations. With two basic of telescopes and rudimentary knowledge, much exploration can be achieved.

Which of the following is true of variable stars?

A. They vary in brightness

B. They rotate around each other.

C. They vary in color.

D. The size of the telescope must vary in order to observe them.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

    Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such a life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extraterrestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists likely to agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble the continuous movement ands transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and burn out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problems. First of all, planets is their habitable zones will be so close to the stars that they will be “tidally blocked”- that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem. 
Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two. 
Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas gains, such as Saturn and Jupiter, in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth

Which is the topic of the passage?

A. The search for intelligent life

B. Conditions necessary for life.

C. Characteristics of extraterrestrial life

D. Life in our solar system

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

    Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such a life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extraterrestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists likely to agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble the continuous movement ands transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and burn out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problems. First of all, planets is their habitable zones will be so close to the stars that they will be “tidally blocked”- that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem. 
Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two. 
Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas gains, such as Saturn and Jupiter, in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth

It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that ______.

A. the Earth is in the sun’s habitable zone

B. the Earth is tidally locked to the sun.

C. the sun varies in its luminosity.

D. variations in luminosity help life to develop

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

    Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such a life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extraterrestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists likely to agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble the continuous movement ands transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and burn out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problems. First of all, planets is their habitable zones will be so close to the stars that they will be “tidally blocked”- that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem. 
Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two. 
Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas gains, such as Saturn and Jupiter, in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth

The word “which” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

    Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such a life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extraterrestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists likely to agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble the continuous movement ands transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and burn out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problems. First of all, planets is their habitable zones will be so close to the stars that they will be “tidally blocked”- that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem. 
Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two. 
Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas gains, such as Saturn and Jupiter, in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth

In can be inferred from paragraph 4 that______.

A. most stars have more than two planets in their habitable zone

B. no star has more than two planets in its habitable zone

C. it is not possible for a star to have three planets with life on them

D. for life to develop, a star must have at least two planets in its habitable zone

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

    Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such a life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extraterrestrial life forms might be like.

What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists likely to agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble the continuous movement ands transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and burn out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problems. First of all, planets is their habitable zones will be so close to the stars that they will be “tidally blocked”- that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem. 
Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two. 
Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas gains, such as Saturn and Jupiter, in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth

All of the following are mentioned in the passage as necessary for the development of life except ______.

A. rock

B. carbon

C. oxygen

D. water