Có: cos 2A + 2√2.cos B + 2√2.cos C = 3
⇔2cos²A - 1 + 2√2.2.cos[(B + C)/2] . cos[(B - C)/2] - 3 = 0
⇔2cos²A + 4√2.sin (A/2) . cos[(B - C)/2] - 4 = 0(1)
Ta thấy: sin(A/2) > 0 ; cos[(B - C)/2] ≤ 1
⇒VT ≤ 2cos²A + 4√2.sin(A/2) - 4
Vì tam giác ABC không tù nên 0 ≤ cos A < 1
⇒cos²A ≤ cos A
⇒VT ≤ 2cos A + 4√2.sin(A/2) - 4
⇒VT ≤ 2.[1 - 2.(sin A/2)²] + 4√2.sin(A/2) - 4
⇒VT ≤ -4.(sin A/2)² + 4√2.sin(A/2) - 2
⇒VT ≤ -2(√2.sin A/2 - 1)² ≤ 0(2)
Kết hợp (1)(2) thì đẳng thức xảy ra khi tất cả các dấu = ở trên xảy ra
⇔cos [(B - C)/2] = 1 và cos²A = cos A và √2.sin A/2 - 1 = 0
⇔góc B = góc C và cos A = 0 và sin A/2 = 1/√2
⇔ góc B = góc C và góc A = 90 độ
Vậy góc A = 90 độ, góc B = góc C = 45 độ

<=> 2.cos²A - 1  + 2\(\sqrt{2}\). (cosB + cosC) = 3

<=> 2.cos²A +  2\(\sqrt{2}\). 2. cos\(\frac{B+C}{2}\). cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\)  - 4 = 0

<=> 2. cos²A +  4\(\sqrt{2}\).sin \(\frac{A}{2}\). cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\)  - 4 = 0 (Do  cos\(\frac{B+C}{2}\)=  cos\(\frac{180^o-A}{2}\)= sin \(\frac{A}{2}\))

Nhận xét: tam giác ABC tù nên cosA > 0;  Mà cosA \(\le\) 1   => cos²A \(\le\) cosA

Có: cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\) \(\le\) 1

=>0 =  2. cos²A +  4\(\sqrt{2}\).sin \(\frac{A}{2}\). cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\)  - 4 \(\le\) 2cosA +   4\(\sqrt{2}\).sin \(\frac{A}{2}\). cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\)  - 4

= 2.(1 - 2sin² \(\frac{A}{2}\)) +  4\(\sqrt{2}\).sin \(\frac{A}{2}\)  - 4 = -2. (2sin² \(\frac{A}{2}\)-  2\(\sqrt{2}\).sin \(\frac{A}{2}\) + 1) =  -2. \(\left(\sqrt{2}sin\frac{A}{2}-1\right)^2\)\(\le\)0

=>   \(\sqrt{2}sin\frac{A}{2}-1=0\) <=> \(sin\frac{A}{2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)<=> A/2 = 45^o

=> góc A = 90^o

Dấu "=" xảy ra  <=> cos\(\frac{B-C}{2}\) = 1 => B - C = 0 => B = C mà A = 90^o

=> B = C = 45^o

vậy..........

Theo đl sin có:

\(\dfrac{a}{sinA}=\dfrac{b}{sinB}=\dfrac{c}{sinC}\Rightarrow b=a\dfrac{sinB}{sinA};c=\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}.a\)

Mà `b+c=2a`

\(\Rightarrow a\dfrac{sinB}{sinA}+a\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}=2a\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{sinB}{sinA}+\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow sinB+sinC=2sinA\)

Chọn B

Đkxđ: \(x\in R\).
\(cos2x-cos3x+cos4x=0\Leftrightarrow\left(cos2x+cos4x\right)-cos3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos3x.cosx-cos3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3x\left(2cos2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos3x=0\\2cos2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}cos3x=0\\cos2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(cos3x=0\Leftrightarrow3x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k\pi}{3}\)
\(cos2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\2x=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{sinB}{sinC}=2cosA\Leftrightarrow sinB=2cosA.sinC\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sinB=sin\left(A+C\right)+sin\left(C-A\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sinB=sin\left(\pi-\left(A+C\right)\right)+sin\left(C-A\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sinB=sinB+sin\left(C-A\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(C-A\right)=0\) (1)
Do A, C là số đo các góc trong tam giác nên từ (1) suy ra:
\(C=A\) hay tam giác ABC cân.

\(\cos2A+\cos2B+\cos2C=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\cos2A+\cos2B+\cos2C+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cos\left(A+B\right)\cos\left(A-B\right)+2\cos^2C=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cos\left(180^0-C\right)\cos\left(A-B\right)+2\cos^2C=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\cos C\cos\left(A-B\right)+2\cos^2C=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\cos C(\cos\left(A-B\right)-\cos C)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\cos C=0\\\cos\left(A-B\right)=\cos C\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}C=90^0\\A-B=C\\A-B=-C\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}C=90^0\\A=B+C\\A+C=B\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(A=B+C\Rightarrow A=B+C=\dfrac{180^o}{2}=90^o\) Tam giác ABC vuông tại A.

Nếu \(B=A+C\Rightarrow B=A+C=\dfrac{180^o}{2}=90^o\) Tam giác ABC vuông tại B.

Vậy, nếu \(\cos2A+\cos2B+\cos2C=-1\) thì tam giác ABC là tam giác vuông.

2.

ĐK: \(2x-y\ge0;y\ge0;y-x-1\ge0;y-3x+5\ge0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-2y-3=\sqrt{y-x-1}+\sqrt{y-3x+5}\left(1\right)\\\left(1-y\right)\sqrt{2x-y}+2\left(x-1\right)=\left(2x-y-1\right)\sqrt{y}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\sqrt{2x-y}+y-1+2x-y-1-\left(2x-y-1\right)\sqrt{y}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)+\left(2x-y-1\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-y}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{2x-y}+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (Vì \(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{2x-y}+2>0\))

Nếu \(y=1\), khi đó:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x-5=\sqrt{-x}+\sqrt{-3x+6}\)

Phương trình này vô nghiệm

Nếu \(y=2x-1\), khi đó:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x-1=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\) (Điều kiện: \(2\le x\le4\))

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)+x-3+1-\sqrt{x-2}+1-\sqrt{4-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}+2x+1\right)=0\)

Ta thấy: \(1+\sqrt{x-2}\ge1\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}\ge-1\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}\ge0\)

Lại có: \(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}>0\); \(2x>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{4-x}}-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{x-2}}+2x+1>0\)

Nên phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) tương đương \(x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\Rightarrow y=5\)

Ta thấy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;5\right)\) thỏa mãn điều kiện ban đầu.

Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;5\right)\)

\(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{B}{2}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\Rightarrow tan\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{B}{2}\right)=tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{tan\dfrac{A}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}}{1-tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}}=cot\dfrac{C}{2}=\dfrac{1}{tan\dfrac{C}{2}}\)

\(\Rightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}.tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}=1-tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}tan\dfrac{A}{2}=1\)

Ta có:

\(tan\dfrac{A}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}\ge\sqrt{3\left(tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}tan\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}=\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(A=B=C\) hay tam giác ABC đều