a) \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Mol:         0,2                            0,1

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) ⇒ NaOH hết, H₂SO₄ dư

\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)

b) V_{dd sau pứ} = 0,2 + 0,15 = 0,35 (l)

\(C_{M_{ddNa_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,35}=\dfrac{2}{7}\approx0,2857M\)

\(C_{M_{ddH_2SO_4dư}}=\dfrac{0,3-0,1}{0,35}=\dfrac{4}{7}\approx0,57M\)

Cl^- +SO4^2---->đây là gốc axit 

=> quỳ chuyển đỏ

Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2

0,1---0,2-----0,1-----0,1

n Mg=0,1 mol

=>VH2=0,1.22,4=2,24l

C% HCl dư=\(\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{100}100\)=7,3%

=>C%MgCl2=\(\dfrac{0,1.95}{2,4+100-0,1.2}100=9,29\%\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1mol\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

0,1  <    0,4                               ( mol )

0,1         0,2           0,1          0,1      ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{100}.100\%=7,3\%\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{2,4+100-0,1.2}.100\%=9,29\%\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) 
           0,1        0,2          0,1        0,1 
\(V_{H_2\left(\text{đ}ktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(L\right)\\ V_{\text{đ}kt}=0,1.24=2,4l\\ V_{H_2\left(\text{đ}kc\right)}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\)
\(m_{\text{dd}}=2,4+100-0,2=102,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,1=9,5g\\ C\%=\dfrac{9,5}{102,2}.100\%=9,3\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(d\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{100}.100=7,3\%\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.3=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)

nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

2Al+3H₂SO₄→Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂

0,2-----0,3---------0,1-----------0,3

=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

=>CMH2SO4=\(\dfrac{0,3}{0,1}\)=3M

=>CM Al2(SO4)3=\(\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}\)=1M

nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

2Al+3H₂SO₄→Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂

0,2-----0,3---------0,1-----------0,3

=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

=>CMH2SO4=\(\dfrac{0,3}{0,1}\)=3M

=>CM Al2(SO4)3=\(\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}\)=1M

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{25.4\%}{40}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,052.0,2=0,0104\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Theo đề: 0,025..........0,0104

Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,025}{2}>\dfrac{0,0104}{1}\) => Sau phản ứng NaOH dư, H2SO4 hết

\(m_{ddsaupu}=25+51=76\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{(0,025-0,0104\cdot2).40}{76}.100=0,22\%\)

\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,0104.142}{76}.100=1,94\%\)

\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ H_2SO_4+Na_2CO_3->Na_2SO_4+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1mol=n_{H_2SO_4dư}\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15.2=0,15mol\\ C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,15+0,1}{0,25}=1\left(M\right)\\ m_{Na_2SO_4}=142\left(0,15+0,1\right)=35,5g\)