a,\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,5       1           0,5           0,5

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)

b,\(V_{H_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)

c,\(C_{M_{ddFeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1M\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{84}{56}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=1,5.22,4=33,6\left(l\right)\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.1,5}{84+300-1,5.2}.100\%=\dfrac{190,5}{381}.100\%=50\%\)

a)

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : 

$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(mol)$
$A = 0,5.56 = 28(gam)$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$m_{HCl} = 1.36,5 = 36,5(gam)$

c) $m_{dd\ HCl} = 36,5 : 20\% = 182,5(gam)$

$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 28 + 182,5 - 0,5.2 = 209,5(gam)$

$C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,5.127}{209,5}.100\% = 30,3\%$

Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2

0,4--0,8----0,4------0,4

nHCl=29,2\36,5=0,8 mol

=>mFe=0,4.56=22,4g

=>VH2=0,4.22,4=8,96l
=>mfeCl2=0,4.127=50,8g

PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Zn p/ứ hết, HCl còn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1\cdot136=13,6\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

_____0,1<---0,2<-------0,1<---0,1

=> m_HCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 (g)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{7,3}=100\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 102,2 (g)

\(C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{102,2}.100\%=9,2955\%\)

b)

CTHH: A_aO_b

PTHH: \(A_aO_b+2bHCl->aACl_{\dfrac{2b}{a}}+bH_2O\)

____________0,2------->\(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\)

=> \(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\left(M_A+35,5.\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=13,5\)

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{64b}{a}=\dfrac{2b}{a}.32\)

Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=1\) => M_A = 32 (L)

Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=2\) => M_A = 64(Cu)

Bài 14 : 

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2             1          1 

      0,15     0,3           0,15     0,15

a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{FeCl2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15}=1\left(M\right)\)

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