xét \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)

vì a và b là số dương nên \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\forall a,b\in R^+\)

vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

Ta có a và b không âm nên 

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+\frac{a+b}{4}=\frac{a+b}{2}\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge\sqrt{ab}\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)(bất đẳng thức cô - si)

Cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{ab}\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}\). Xét hiệu hai vế

\(\sqrt{ab}\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)-\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{ab}\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{ab}\left[\left(\sqrt{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

Xảy ra đẳng thức \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{4}\)hoặc\(a=b=0\)

bạn áp dụng bất đẳng thức CÔ - SI là ra

\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Mà theo Cô-si ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c

Đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
=> a = (y + z - x) / 2 ; b = (x + z - y) / 2 ; c = (x + y - z) / 2
=> P = a/b+c + b/c+a + c/a+b = (y + z - x) / 2x + (x + z - y) / 2y + (x + y - z) / 2z
= 1/2. (y/x + z/x - 1 + x/y + z/y - 1 + x/z + y/z - 1) = 1/2. (x/y + y/x + x/z + z/x + y/z + z/y - 3)

Áp dụng BĐT A/B + B/A ≥ 0 hoặc Cô-si cũng được
=> P ≥ 1/2. (2 + 2 + 2 - 3) = 3/2 (đpcm)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> x = y = z <=> b+c = c+a = a+b <=> a = b = c

Dấu ''='' xảy ra tại giá trị nào vậy bạn?

\(1\le a,b,c\le2\) 

\(\Rightarrow1-a\le0\Rightarrow c\left(1-a\right)\le0\Rightarrow4+c-ca\le4\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4+c-ca}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

CM tương tự \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4+a-ab}+\frac{1}{4+b-bc}+\frac{1}{4+c-ca}\ge\frac{3}{4}\) 

Ta cần CM \(\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{3+abc}\) 

Thật vậy \(a,b,c\ge1\Rightarrow abc\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow3+abc\ge4\Rightarrow\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{3+abc}\) 

Dấu "="xảy ra khi a=b=c=1      

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Ta c/m BĐT phụ: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( b tự c/m nhé. Chuyển vế, c/m VP>=0 là xong )

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

                                               đpcm

Có thể c/m luôn giùm bđt phụ không ạ?

\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)( BĐT luôn đúng)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

                                             đpcm