a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)

c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 0,83 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)

\(a,Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ m_{tăng}=m_{hhMg,Al}-m_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow7=7,8-m_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=0,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:a=n_{Al}\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24b+27a=7,8\\b+1,5a=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\approx69,231\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx30,769\%\\ c,m_{muối}=m_{MgSO_4}+m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=120b+342.0,5a=120.0,1+342.0,5.0,2=46,2\left(g\right)\)

giúp em với ạ

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               2a______3a__________a_______3a    (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_______b________b______b        (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải thích các bước giải:

Gọi nFe = a mol ; nCu = b mol

⇒ 56a + 64b = 40 (1)

PTHH :

2Fe + 6H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

 a 3a 1,5a (mol)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

 b 2b b (mol)

⇒ nSO2 = 1,5a + b = 

15,68

22,4

 = 0,7 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra : a = 0,12 ; b = 0,52

có : %mFe = 

0,12.56

40

 .100% = 16,8%

⇒ %mCu = 100% - 16,8% = 83,2%

Theo PT , có nH2SO4 = 3a + 2b = 0,12.3 + 0,52.2 = 1,4 mol

⇒ mH2SO4 = 1,4.98 = 137,2 gam

⇒ m dung dịch H2SO4 = 

137,2

98

 = 140 gam