Read the text and then choose the best answer A, B, C of D

Two of the most dangerous storms which affect America are hurricanes and tornadoes. They are very much feared by anyone who may live in the path of their destruction.

Every year homes are destroyed by their fury anf often lives are lost. Most people who live near the coast are forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storms passes. Floods are caused along the coast by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably above normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and heavy rains associated with a hurricane cause enormous damage. Hurricanes usually develop between July and October. Once they hit land they tremendous power with driving rain and wind.

Tornadoes are violent low-pressured storms. These storms occur most often during the summer months are noticeable by their strong wind and lack of rain. The sky turn black as dust is sucked up into the air. Tornadoes are capable of lifting quite heavy objects from the ground. They can pick up trees and cars right into the air and even uplift heavier objects such as homes and trains.

Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage to life and property every year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they can't be stopped or ignored.

1. What are the most dangerous storms which affect America?

A. Thunderstorms and hurricanes

B. Typhoon and thunderstorms

C. Hurricanes and typhoons

D. Hurricanes and tornadoes

2. At which part of the year do hurricanes usually develop?

A. Between July and October

B. Between July and December

C. From the seventh to the ninth month

D. All the year round.

3. What is the major similarity of both a hurricane and a tornado?

A. They can cause great damage.

B. They have either wind or speed.

C. They are not accompanied by rain.

D. They cover only a small part.

4. Which of the following is true of tornadoes and hurricanes?

A. They cannot be predicted with accuracy.

B. They are easier to control today than in the past.

C. Tornadoes are more dangerous than hurricanes.

D. People can predict them with greater accuracy.

5. Which of the following was not mentioned in the article?

A. The tremendous power of these storms.

B. The damage caused by hurricanes and tornadoes.

C. The numbers of people killed each year by these storms.

D. The time of year when they are most likely to strike.

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.

We use many different energy sources to do work for us. Energy sources are classified into two groups - renewable and nonrenewable. Non-renewable energy sources are those that take millions of years to form and will run out some day. It is energy that comes from fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are mainly made up of carbon and were formed millions of years ago. The chemical reaction which takes place when we burn fossil fuels releases carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide is one of the green house gases which is contributing to global warming and air pollution. On the other hand, renewable energy sources will never run out, are better for the environment and do not cause pollution. Renewable energy is often called green energy because it is a natural energy, always available and does not have to be formed like nonrenewable energy. The green energy is always there. For example, the Sun consistently shines, water is abundant, and the winds blow throughout the year. The five types include solar, energy from the Sun; geothermal, energy from heat within the Earth; hydroelectric, energy from moving water; biomass, energy from dead plants and microorganisms and finally, energy from the wind.

36. Which sentence is NOT TRUE about non-renewable energy sources?

A. They take millions of years to form. B. They will run out someday C. They come from fossil fuels D. they are always available

37. Which sentence is TRUE about renewable energy sources?

A. They are bad for the environment B. They are not always available C. They are called green energy D. They can be used up

38. When does the chemical reaction take place?

A. When we use energy from the wind. B. When we burn fossil fuels C. When we use green energy D. When global warming happens

39. What is NOT INCLUDED in the five types of green energy?

A. solar B. hydroelectric C. natural gas D. biomass

40. What does geothermal come from?

A. dead plants B. heat within the earth C. the wind D. moving water

VIII. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct option marked A, B, C or D to answer the questions.

They called New York “the Big Apple”. Maybe it is not exactly like an apple, it’s certainly very big. There are too many people, that’s the problem. The streets are always full of cars and trucks, you can never find a place to park.

If you have enough money, you can take a taxi. New York cabs are yellow. They look all the same. But the drivers are very different. Some were born and raised in New York, but many are newcomers to the United States. A few drive slowly, but most go very fast. Cab driving is a difficult job. It can be dangerous, too. Thieves often try to steal the drivers’ money. Drivers sometimes get hurt.

If you don’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus or you can take the subway. The subway is quick and it’s cheap, but parts of it are old and dirty. Lights don’t always work and there is often fire on the track. On some subway lines, there are new, clean, silver trains. But you can’t see the color of the old trains easily. There is too much dirt and too many graffiti, inside and outside.

1. What is the problem in New York? ~ __________.

A. It has too many apples B. It is too big

C. It looked like an apple D. It is too crowded

2. What does a cab mean?

A. a truck B. a bus C. a taxi D. a driver

3. Cab drivers in New York __________.

A. can be dangerous B. look the same

C. can be attacked by thieves D. were all born in New York

4. The world “track” can best be replaced by __________.

A. roadway B. station C. light bulb D. train

5. Subways in New York __________.

A. have no lights B. are quick but dirty

C. are clothes D. often cause fires

Read the passage carefully and then do the tasks:

With millions of jobs set to be replaced by changes in technology, we may not be able to stop the rise of robots and automation. The robots are coming. We can see the enormous strides that technology makes each year and the jobs taken over by automation. Yes, believe or not, there really are robots performing surgeries on humans. Robot – assisted surgery can give surgeons more precise control over their instruments and an improved view of what are they doing.

Computer systems are becoming incredibly good at performing multi – faceted tasks. Take autonomous cars which can be classified as robotic vehicles. Driving would fit all the criteria for a complicated task that only humans should be able to perform, yet we have autonomous cars increasingly racking up the miles collision free. In the game – playing arena, we are seeing machines beat the previously unbeatable professional players and generally encroaching on skills that once belonged to humans alone. All these technologies eventually can be integrated into robots. Are we close to the tipping point where humans become redundant in many sectors?

According to a recent survey, four million jobs in the British private sector could be replaced by robots in the next decade. That would impact on 15 percent of the current workforce and would have much the same impact in Ireland. Of course, new opportunities will come along, particularly ones which require strong cognitive and social skills, but this really means that people will have to become more human.

A. Decide whether the following sentences are True (T) or False (F)

1. We cannot put a stop on technology innovation.

2. Robotic systems can help surgeons increase precision.

3. Computer systems are only capable of carrying out multiple simple tasks.

4. Driving task is so complex that it can’t be performed by an autonomous vehicle.

5. Self – driving cars can travel miles without accident.

6. People in many sectors have lost their jobs because of automation.

7. In the next ten years, robots could take over four million jobs in the British private sector.

8. In the future, people will just do the jobs that require strong cognitive and social skills.

B. Answer the questions

1. Why is robot – assisted surgery used?

->

2. Can robots defeat human players in games?

->

3. What percentage of the Ireland workforce could be affected by the use of robots in 10 years’ time?

->

4. Will technology create new job opportunities for the human race?

->

5. What jobs can human do better than robots?

->

I. Read the following passage and put a word in the box in each of the numbered blanks:

Natural disasters can be destructive; they can wreak havoc across large areas and cause loss of life or (1)……………............. to property. We cannot(2)………………………  natural disasters, but we can prepare for them. The first step is to learn ………………………. the risks in your area and read the information about(3) …………………… disasters on local government sites. Next, find out what the rescue and emergency workers advise. These people have been trained to (4)…………………….. with disasters, have been through lots of them and know how to help. Make sure you have all the emergency contact (5)……………............. entered in your mobile phone

                   1__________2__________3__________4__________5__________

I. Read the following passage and put a word in the box in each of the numbered blanks:

Natural disasters can be destructive; they can wreak havoc across large areas and cause loss of life or (1)……………............. to property. We cannot(2)………………………  natural disasters, but we can prepare for them. The first step is to learn ………………………. the risks in your area and read the information about(3) …………………… disasters on local government sites. Next, find out what the rescue and emergency workers advise. These people have been trained to (4)…………………….. with disasters, have been through lots of them and know how to help. Make sure you have all the emergency contact (5)……………............. entered in your mobile phone

                   1__________2__________3__________4__________5__________

II.  Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each  gap to complete the following passage:

Scotland is the UK’s most northern country and has around 790 islands off its coasts – 130 of which have people living on them. Scotland is well known (1)………………….. its stunning landscapes, beautiful beaches and lochs, which are fress water lakes. There are over 600 square miles of lochs in Scotland (2)…………………….. the most famous one, Loch Ness.

It has a (3)…………………. of just over five million people which is about 8.5 per cent of the whole UK population. Over 2 milion of these live in Glasgow and Edinburgh, and almost half of Scotland’s population live in the Central Belt, where both the largest city (Glasgow), and the capital city Edinburgh) are located.

Scotland also hostsone of the biggest arts festivals in the world. This is commonly known as the Edinburgh Festival but is actually (4)…………………of a number of different festivals which happen at different times of the year, though many do take place in August and September. Many people have heard of the Fringe Festival, but there are also the (5)…………….. Festival, the Film Festival, the Children’s Festival and the Edinburgh Mela which is an intercultural festival.

1. A. in            B. for                           C. on                            D. around

2. A. include                B. includes                  C. included                  D. Including

3. A. pollution B. popularity   C. population  D. people

4. A. made up B. made for                 C. made up of  D. Made up to 

5. A. internation          B. international           C. internationally         D. national

I.        Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.

There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some pollution is caused by nature, such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major Cause of pollution. We pollute the air with our cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and smoggy. Some people cannot go outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping garbage and Chemicals in the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We pollute the soil with Chemicals and garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest, especially to build roads and new houses without careful planning and thinking.

The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or limit pollution? How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect our environment. Conservation is the wise use and protection of our environment. We can control water pollution by not producing as much as waste and by proper disposal of sewage and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up, after ourselves and not causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air pollution.

Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new way. Recycling can help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years.

A.  Find the word in bold in the passage that means:

1.  the protection of the natural environment

2.  have a bad effect on something

3.  a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dr

Helppppppppppppp

Rearrange the given words to make meaningful sentences:

1. cholera/ many/,/ frequent/ poor/ there/ of/ nations/ In/ drinking/ are/ diseases/ outbreaks/ because/ and/ of/ untreated/ other/ people/ water

2. can/ Natural/ they/destructive/;/ disaster/ can/ areas/ be/ wreak/ damage/ across/ and/ havoc/ or/ of/ cause/ large/ property/ loss/ life/ to

3. the/ Scientists/ will/ in/ cured/ future/ that/ replaced/ live/ diseases/ since/ and/ be/ people/ probably/ genes/ longer/ bad/ say/ will/ incurable/ be/ will

Helpppppppp, pleaseeeeeee!!!

II. Read the passage carefully and then do the tasks.

We use many different energy sources to do work for us. Energy sources are classified into two groups - renewable and nonrenewable.

Non-renewable energy sources are those that take millions of years to form and will run out some day. It is energy that comes from fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are mainly made up of carbon and were formed millions of years ago. The chemical reaction which takes place when we burn fossil fuels releases carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide is one of the green house gases which is contributing to global warming and air pollution.

On the other hand, renewable energy sources will never run out, are better for the environment and do not cause pollution. Renewable energy is often called green energy because it is a natural energy, always available and does not have to be formed like nonrenewable energy. The green energy is always there. For example, the Sun consistently shines, water is abundant, and the winds blow throughout the year. The five types include solar, energy from the Sun; geothermal, energy from heat within the Earth; hydroelectric, energy from moving water; biomass, energy from dead plants and microorganisms and finally, energy from the wind.

A. Decide if the flowing statements are True (T) or False (F)

1.     Non -renewable energy is a source of energy that will eventually run out.

2.      Renewable energy comes from natural sources, like sunlight, wind, water, and heat of the Earth.

3.      Burning fossil fuels is harmful to the environment.

4.      Renewable resources are better for the environment, but they are limited in supply.

5.       carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.

Wind is the primary source of hydroelectricity energy. 

B. Answer the questions.

1.     What are fossil fuels?..............................................................

2.      When were fossil fuels formed?.............................................................

3.       Do carbon dioxide emissions causes climate change on Earth?..................................

4.       How many types of renewable energy sources are there? What are they?

5.      Are renewable sources bad for the environment?.............................................................

Why is renewable energy called green energy?