\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)

\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)

\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)

\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)

\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)

\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)

a) 

Gọi số mol Fe, Cu là a, b (mol)

=> 56a + 64b = 12 (1)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Fe + 6H₂SO₄ --> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

             a------------------------------->1,5a

           Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

             b---------------------------->b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,25 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

=> m_Fe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)

b)

1 nửa hỗn hợp X trên chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe:0,05\left(mol\right)\\Cu:0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

           0,05---------------------->0,05

=> Thu được khí H₂

V_H2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)

Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol

→ m_X = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
\(n_{Cl_2}\) = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol 

\(\%_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,2. 64}{23,8} \approx 53,78\%\)

\(\%_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1 .56}{23,8} \approx 23,53\%\)

 %_Al ≈ 22,69%

a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,1    0,2                             0,1

b,\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6.100\%}{12}=46,67\%;\%m_{Cu}=100-46,67=53,33\%\)

c,\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{14,6}=50\left(g\right)\)

Bài 5:

mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)

=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)

=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)

PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)

=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)

Bài 6:

nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)

Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)

PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_____a_____a(mol)

2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)

=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)

b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)

Đáp án C

Trong X, chỉ có Fe tác dụng với dung dịch H₂SO₄ loãng:

\(n_{Cu} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a + 27b + 56c = 28,6(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ \text{Mặt khác} : n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3\\ \)

Ta có :

\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{O_2}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5a +0,75b + 0,75c} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,4}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = \dfrac{317}{1460} ; b = \dfrac{121}{365}; c = \dfrac{15}{146}\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{\dfrac{317}{1460}.64}{28,6}.100\% = 48,59\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{\dfrac{121}{365}.27}{28,6}.100\% = 31,3\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 41,59\% - 31,3\% = 27,11\%\)

Đáp án D

Trong X, chỉ có Fe tác dụng với dung dịch  H 2 SO 4 loãng theo sơ đồ sau: