\(m_O=\dfrac{15.12,8}{100}=1,92\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_O=\dfrac{1,92}{16}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn H: n_HCl = 0,12.2 + 0,15.2 = 0,54 (mol)

=> n_Cl = 0,54 (mol)

m_muối = m_{hh rắn} - m_O + m_Cl

= 15 - 1,92 + 0,54.35,5 = 32,25 (g)

`Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2 +H_2 \uparrow`

`0,1`      `0,2`            `0,1`        `0,1`           `(mol)`

`MgO+2HCl->MgCl_2 +H_2 O`

 `0,2`       `0,4`            `0,2`                      `(mol)`

`n_[H_2]=[2,24]/[22,4]=0,1(mol)`

`n_[MgCl_2(MgO)]=[28,5-0,1.95]/95=0,2(mol)`

   `m_[hh]=0,1.24+0,2.40=10,4(g)`

   `C_[M_[HCl]]=[0,2+0,4]/[0,4]=1,5(M)`

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{28,5}{95}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{MgO}\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg}+m_{MgO}=0,1.24+0,2.40=10,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{MgO}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5\left(M\right)\)

Gọi số mol H₂ sinh ra là a (mol)

=> n_HCl = 2a (mol)

Theo ĐLBTKL: m_{kim loại} + m_HCl = m_muối + m_H2

=> 17,5 + 36,5.2a = 31,7 + 2a

=> a = 0,2 (mol)

=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

m_Cl^-=m_A-m_KL=14,2g⇒nCl^-=0,4⇒nH₂=0,2(mol)⇒V=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

BT H: \(n_{HCl}=2nH_2O\)

Gọi x là \(n_{HCl}\), \(0,5x\) là \(n_{H_2O}\)

BTKL: \(m_{HCl}-m_{H_2O}=m_{muối}-m_X\)

hay \(36,5x-0,5x.18=37,55-15=22,55\)

=> \(x=0,82\)

\(V=\dfrac{0,82}{2}=0,41\left(l\right)\)

Câu 1:

Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)

a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_______a______a(mol)

MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

b_____2b_______b___b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)

=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%

=> %mMgO= 45,455%

b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)

c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)

Câu 2:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2   (mol)

           \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

                0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2  (mol)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

 Tương tự bài 1, ta có:

m 4 o x i t = m m u o i - m H 2 S O 4 + m H 2 O   s a n   p h a m

m 4 o x i t  = 3,61g

⇒ Chọn C.

$n_{HCl} = 0,8.0,5 = 0,4(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6(mol) ;n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)$

$n_{H(trong\ axit)} = 0,4 + 0,6.2 = 1,6(mol)$

Bảo toàn H : $n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{n_{H(trong\ axit)} - 2n_{H_2} }{2} = 0,6(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : 

$m = 88,7 + 0,6.18 + 0,2.2 - 0,4.36,5 -  0,6.98 = 26,5(gam)$