I.           Read the following passage and choose the best answers.

A superstition is a traditional belief in the magical effects of a particular action or thing. Many superstitions are related to luck. For example, breaking a mirror or spilling salt brings bad luck. On the other hand, carrying a rabbit’s foot or being boom on a Sunday brings good luck. According to other superstitions, specific actions bring specific results. Guests throw rice at a wedding to ensure that the couple will have many children. Wearing a white wedding dress was made popular by England’s Queen Victoria. And, if a female wedding guest puts a piece of the wedding cake under her pillow at night, she will dream about her future husband.

Although many people ridicule such beliefs as irrational and unscientific, some of them may have a practical origin. Hanging garlic around a child's neck is supposed to provide protection from illness. Garlic may really have this effect, but because the strong smell keeps sick people away from the child! Another superstition states that lighting three cigarettes with one match will bring bad luck. This belief probably began during World War I when at night, a match that stayed lit too long provided a target for the enemy.

Every human culture in history has had some superstitious beliefs. Almost all people behave in a superstitious way once in a while. Maybe that is because everyone at sometime feels afraid or uncertain about the future. Superstitions can be comforting. They give people a sense of knowledge and control over what happens to them.

1.     What is the topic of the passage?

A. Meanings and origins of superstitions                               B. Superstitions from different cultures

C. Superstitions with practical origins                                    D. Superstitions about health

2.     According to the passage, which of the following brings good luck?

A. Spilling salt                     B. Lighting three cigarettes        C. Breaking a mirror         D. Carrying a rabbit's foot

3.     Which of the following sentences does NOT belong in the passage?

A. According to the other superstitions, specific actions bring specific results.

B. Wearing a white wedding dress was made popular by England's Queen Victoria.

C. Although many people ridicule such beliefs as irrational and unscientific, some of them may have a practical origin.

D. Every human culture in history has had some superstitious beliefs.

4.     It can be inferred from this passage that ______.

A. all superstitions are related to luck                                   B. all superstitions have practical origins

C. all superstitions are related to magical effects                   D. all superstitions are scientifically proven

5.     The word ‘them’ refers to ______.

A. superstitions                   B. people                                  C. knowledge and control        D. beliefs

6.     According to the passage, superstitions are common because they ______.

A. make people feel better                                                   B. have practical origins

C. are often true                                                                  D. are followed by educated people

This year's annual Ocean Technology Expo is going to be held in Rhode Island, USA. All who are interested in learning about the most current ocean and marine technology (1)can/should attend.
Participants (2)can/could make the most of their experience at the OT Expo bt visiting exhibits, atttending information aeminars, and touring the latest ocean vessels. Also several fortune visitors (3)must/might get the chance to witness several high-tech in-water deminstrations! Where else (4)could/should you find the most up-to-date marine technology in a hands-on environment?
Spaces, however, are limiteed, therefore all participants (5)would/ought to book in advance. For more information, you (6)might/can visit our website at www.OceanTechExpo.com. A valid photo ID (7)must/may be presented at the door. Students (8)could/may attend free of charge.

This year's annual Ocean Technology Expo is going to be held in Rhode Island, USA. All who are interested in learning about the most current ocean and marine technology (1)can/should attend.
Participants (2)can/could make the most of their experience at the OT Expo bt visiting exhibits, atttending information aeminars, and touring the latest ocean vessels. Also several fortune visitors (3)must/might get the chance to witness several high-tech in-water deminstrations! Where else (4)could/should you find the most up-to-date marine technology in a hands-on environment?
Spaces, however, are limiteed, therefore all participants (5)would/ought to book in advance. For more information, you (6)might/can visit our website at www.OceanTechExpo.com. A valid photo ID (7)must/may be presented at the door. Students (8)could/may attend free of charge.

There are many strange superstitions in the world. The most common one is related to

black cats, (1) ______are the source of hundreds of unlucky superstitions. It’s a sign of bad luck (2) ______they walk in front of you or you step on their tails. They even bring bad luck into a house if they sneeze inside! This superstition dates (3) ______to the Middle Ages when they became associated with witches and evil spirits.

Another common superstition is about walking under a ladder. A more (4) ______ explanation can be traced back to ancient Egypt. The early Egyptians believed that the shape of the Pyramids had a special power. It was considered very bad luck to break the “power” of this shape and that’s exactly what walking under a ladder would do!

In addition, in Roman times, people (5 ) ______ the habit of looking at themselves in pools of water. Some believed that these reflections were in fact “glimpses of the soul”. Any disruption to the water in the pool would bring bad luck to the person looking in it. This superstition lives on with the fear of bad luck from breaking a mirror.

1. A. which `B. who C. when D. where

2. A. although B. because C. if D. unless

3. A. on B. in C. back D. for

4. A. mystery B. mysterious C. mysteriously D. mysteries

5. A. had B. took C. raised D. became

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

In 1972. a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.

Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.

The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?

A. Limitations in financial support

B. The use of marine species as food 

C. Variability of the climate

D. Increases in tourism

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

     In 1972. a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

     The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

     The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

     Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.

     Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.

The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?

A. Limitations in financial support

B. The use of marine species as food

C. Variability of the climate

D. Increases in tourism

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

In 1972. a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.

Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.

The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?

A. Limitations in financial support

B. The use of marine species as food

C. Variability of the climate

D. Increases in tourism

Read the following passage and write the letter A, B, C or D on the top of the first page to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In 1972. a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.

Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.

Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries,parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.
Question:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves

B. Various marine conservation programs

C. International agreements on coastal protection

D. Similarities between land and sea protected environments