M=a/ab+a+1 +b/bc+b+1 +c/ca+c+1

=ac/abc+ca+c +abc/abc^2+abc+ac +c/ca+c+1

=ac/1+ca+c +1/c+1+ac +c/ca+c+1

=ac+1+c/1+ca+c

=1

M=1 khi và chỉ khi abc=1

Áp dụng giả thiết từ đề bài :

\(M=\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{1+b+bc}{b+1+bc}=1\)

Vậy M = 1

Ta có : \(M=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)

                  \(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+b+1}+\frac{1}{c+ca+a.b.c}\)

                  \(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{c.\left(ab+a+1\right)}\)

                   \(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+a+1}\)

                    \(=\frac{a+ab+1}{a+ab+1}=1\)

Vậy M = 1

Dễ dàng chứng minh được: 

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với \(x,y>0\)(1)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y>0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{a}{abc+bc}=\frac{a}{ab+bc+ca+bc}=\frac{a}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)

Áp dụng (1), ta được:

\(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\ge\frac{4}{\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(bc+ca\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{1}{4\left(bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{ab+bc+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}\left(2\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\)

Chúng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+ca}+\frac{1}{bc+ca}\right)\ge\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}\left(3\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảu ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\).

\(\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+ab}+\frac{1}{ab+bc}\right)\ge\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\left(4\right)\)

Từ (2), (3) và (4), ta được:

\(\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\le\)\(\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{bc+ac}\right)+\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ac+bc}+\frac{1}{ac+ab}\right)\)\(+\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+bc}+\frac{1}{ab+ac}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a}{ab+bc}+\frac{c}{ab+bc}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{bc+ac}+\frac{b}{bc+ac}\right)\)\(+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{ab+ac}+\frac{c}{ab+ac}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4\left(ab+bc\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4\left(bc+ac\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4\left(ab+ac\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{a+c}{4b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4a\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{abc}{abc}=\frac{1}{4}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)( vì \(ab+bc+ca=abc\))

Dấu bằng xảy ra

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)

Vậy \(minP=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)