Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

When the first white men came to America, they found vast amounts of natural resources of tremendous value. Forests covered a large part of the nation; later gas, oil and minerals were found in unbelievable amounts. There was a great abundance of very fertile soil. Forests, prairies, streams and rivers abounded with wildlife. So vast were these resources that it seemed that they could never be used up. So forests were destroyed to make way for farmland. Grasslands and prairies were ploughed and harrowed. Minerals and oil were used in great quantities to supply a young industrial nation. Almost every river became the scene of factories, mills and power companies. Mammals and birds were slaughtered for food and sport.

Within a short time, the results were obvious. Floods caused millions of dollars worth of damage yearly. The very fertile soil was washed away or blown up in great clouds. The seemingly inexhaustible oil and minerals showed signs of depletion. Rivers were filled with silt from eroding farms and wastes from factories. Many of the rivers were made unfit for fish. Several species of birds disappeared, and some mammals seemed on the verge of going. Future timber shortages were predicted. In short, Americans soon became to realize that some sort of conservation program must be set up, if future as well as present Americans were to share in the resources that are the heritage of every American.

The use of America's natural resources by the early settlers was___________. 

A. scientific         

B. Believable                  

C. predicted                   

D. careless

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 14:

A. as

B. like

C. same

D. similar

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 13:

A. to use

B. be used

C. use

D. to be used

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

When the first white men came to America, they found vast amounts of natural resources of tremendous value. Forests covered a large part of the nation; later gas, oil and minerals were found in unbelievable amounts. There was a great abundance of very fertile soil. Forests, prairies, streams and rivers abounded with wildlife. So vast were these resources that it seemed that they could never be used up. So forests were destroyed to make way for farmland. Grasslands and prairies were ploughed and harrowed. Minerals and oil were used in great quantities to supply a young industrial nation. Almost every river became the scene of factories, mills and power companies. Mammals and birds were slaughtered for food and sport.

Within a short time, the results were obvious. Floods caused millions of dollars worth of damage yearly. The very fertile soil was washed away or blown up in great clouds. The seemingly inexhaustible oil and minerals showed signs of depletion. Rivers were filled with silt from eroding farms and wastes from factories. Many of the rivers were made unfit for fish. Several species of birds disappeared, and some mammals seemed on the verge of going. Future timber shortages were predicted. In short, Americans soon became to realize that some sort of conservation program must be set up, if future as well as present Americans were to share in the resources that are the heritage of every American.

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. The story of America's natural resources        

B. The cause of timber shortages

C. What the first white men found in America              

D. The loss of topsoil

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 8:

A. As

B. Although

C. But

D. Therefore

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 15:

A. industry

B. industries

C. industrial

D. industrially

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 10:

A. happens

B. happening

C. happened

D. to happen

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 7:

A. what

B. where

C. who

D. why

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 9:

A. hold

B. to hold

C. holding

D. held

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below

There are two main benefits of recycling. Firstly, it reduces the size _________ (6) landfills. One of the biggest reasons_________ (7) recycling has been promoted is that it does reduce the strain on our environment. By utilizing waste products in a constructive way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. _________ (8) the population grows, it will become difficult for the landfills _________ (9) so much trash. When this _________ (10), our cities and beautiful landscapes will face pollution, poisoning and many health problems. The benefits of recycling are that it helps to keep the pollution in check and decrease it little by little. Secondly, it conserves natural resources. Scrap cars, old bottles, junk mail and used rubber tyres _________ (11) becoming common features of our landfills. All of these may _________ (12) endless, but the resources required to make them are finishing off quickly. Recycling allows all of these junk items _________ (13) over and over again so that new resources do not have to be exploited. It conserves natural resources such _________ (14) water, minerals, coal, oil, gas and timber. Another one of the benefits of recycling is that it allows more emphasis to be put on creating technology to utilize what already exists. This is why a number of industries support _________ (15) where they can receive large quantities of recyclable material to convert into new items.

Question 12:

A. seems

B. seeming

C. seem

D. to seem