a: \(\Leftrightarrow x+1\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{0;-2;6;-8\right\}\)

1. Áp dụng TCDTSBN ta có:

$\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{y-2}{4}=\frac{z+5}{6}=\frac{x-1+(y-2)-(z+5)}{3+4-6}$

$=\frac{x+y-z-8}{1}=\frac{8-8}{1}=0$

$\Rightarrow x-1=y-2=z+5=0$

$\Rightarrow x=1; y=2; z=-5$

2.

Có:

$\frac{x+1}{2}=\frac{y+3}{4}=\frac{z+5}{6}=\frac{2x+2}{4}=\frac{3y+9}{12}=\frac{4z+20}{24}$

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

$\frac{x+1}{2}=\frac{y+3}{4}=\frac{z+5}{6}=\frac{2x+2}{4}=\frac{3y+9}{12}=\frac{4z+20}{24}=\frac{2x+2+3y+9+4z+20}{4+12+24}=\frac{2x+3y+4z+31}{40}=\frac{9+31}{40}=1$

Suy ra:

$x+1=2.1=2\Rightarrow x=1$

$y+3=1.4=4\Rightarrow y=1$

$z+5=6.1=6\Rightarrow z=1$

$

3.

Có:

$\frac{x+1}{3}=\frac{y+2}{-4}=\frac{z-3}{5}=\frac{3x+3}{9}=\frac{2y+4}{-8}=\frac{4z-12}{20}$

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{x+1}{3}=\frac{y+2}{-4}=\frac{z-3}{5}=\frac{3x+3}{9}=\frac{2y+4}{-8}=\frac{4z-12}{20}=\frac{3x+3+2y+4+4z-12}{9+(-8)+20}=\frac{3x+2y+4z-5}{21}=\frac{47-5}{21}=2$

Suy ra:

$x+1=3.2=6\Rightarrow x=5$

$y+2=(-4).2=-8\Rightarrow y=-10$

$z-3=5.2=10\Rightarrow z=13$