\(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=a+b+c+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)

Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a+1};\frac{1}{b+1};\frac{1}{c+1}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)

\(P=\sum\frac{x}{x^2+1}=\sum\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Mặt khác \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

ko khó nhưng mà bn đăng từng câu 1 hộ mk mk giải giúp cho

gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)

Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)

=> Thay vào thì     \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)

\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)

Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào

=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)

=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\) 

Đặt: \(\sqrt{a}=x;\sqrt{b}=y;\sqrt{c}=z\)

=>     \(P=\frac{xy}{z^2+3xy}+\frac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\frac{zx}{y^2+3zx}\)

=>     \(3P=\frac{3xy}{z^2+3xy}+\frac{3yz}{x^2+3yz}+\frac{3zx}{y^2+3zx}=1-\frac{z^2}{z^2+3xy}+1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+3yz}+1-\frac{y^2}{y^2+3zx}\)

Ta sẽ CM: \(3P\le\frac{9}{4}\)<=> Cần CM: \(\frac{x^2}{x^2+3yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+3zx}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+3xy}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Có:    \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)

Ta sẽ CM: \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

<=> \(4\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+9\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

<=> \(4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+9\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)

Mà đây lại là 1 BĐT luôn đúng => \(3P\le\frac{9}{4}\)=> \(P\le\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy P max \(=\frac{3}{4}\)<=> \(a=b=c\)

Với ab + bc + ca = 1 thì:

\(Q=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\)\(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)

\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{a+b}.\frac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+b}.\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{2c}{a+c}.\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(\le\frac{\frac{2a}{a+b}+\frac{2a}{a+c}}{2}+\frac{\frac{2b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}{2}+\frac{\frac{2c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}{2}\)(Theo BĐT Cô - si)

\(=\frac{\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{2\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}}{2}=\frac{2+\frac{1}{2}+2}{2}=\frac{9}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1

\(Q=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\) chứ?

Dấu "=" của mình sai rồi thì phải, tìm lại giúp mình nha!

Đề thi tuyển sinh chuyên Khoa học tự nhiên-Đại Học quốc gia Hà Nội năm học 2017-2018

ta có: \(ab+bc+ca+abc=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)=\left(1+a\right)+\left(1+b\right)+\left(1+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}=1\)

đặt \(x=\frac{1}{1+a};y=\frac{1}{1+b};z=\frac{1}{1+c}\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=1\)

ta có \(P=\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}+\frac{b+1}{\left(b+1\right)^2+1}+\frac{c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2+1}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\frac{1}{x^2}+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\frac{1}{y^2}+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\frac{1}{z^2}+1}=\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)

\(=\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)

mà \(9\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge8\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+z+zx\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\ge6xyz\)(đúng vì theo BĐT Cosi)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

(vì \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=3\))

Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)

3.

\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)

Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Áp dụng bđt bu nhi a, ta có 

\(P^2\le3\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\right)\)

Áp dụng bđt cô si, ta có 

\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+1\ge2b\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+3\ge2\left(ab+b+1\right)\)

tương tự với mấy cái kia =>\(P^2\le\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+a}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)

mà với abc =1, thì bạn sẽ chứng minh được \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\)

phân thức thứ 1 để nguyê, phân thức thứ 2 nhân với ab, phân thức thứ 3 nhân với b, rồi chỗ napf có abc thì thay abc=1

thì bạn sẽ chứng minh được cái kia=1 

=>\(P\le\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\)

dâu = xảy ra <=>a=b=c=1

Dễ thấy theo AM - GM :

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2ab+2b+2}}\)

\(\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+2c^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\left(\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right);\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+2a^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ca+a^2+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)

Cộng lại ta sẽ có đpcm

Vì dễ thấy \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\) với abc=1