THAM KHẢO

        The village has always been known to be a place of peace and quiet. The scattered houses among hundreds of plants and trees at once indicate the lack of activity in the village.

        The workers in the village leave their homes early in the morning to work in the plantations or towns nearby. Some have their own plantations, and some make certain arles in their homes to sell them in the towns. A few of the villagers, including women, go out to catch fish in the streams and rivers found in the village. Though the people of the village do not usually earn much, yet they seem to be contented.

        In the afternoon, most of the villagers are at home. Some of them take a nap after lunch; some work in their small gardens, and some visit the small shops in the village. In various parts of the village children may be seen playing the popular games of the village. Occasionally, a cyclist passes by

        Then , in the evening, the villagers meet one another. Some play cards and other types of games peculiar to the village. Some talk about the day's incidents in the village, and those whose minds go beyond the village discuss world events.

         In almost every village there is a headman whose duty is to settle quarrels among the villagers and maintain peace in the village. Whenever there is a dispute, the villagers go to the headman who is held in such esteem that his word has the force or law. In this way the villagers have developed their own simple laws, and the crimes of cities are almost unknown to the people of the village.

        During a festival, the whole village is alive with activities. Everyone is in a happy mood and plays his part to make the festival a success. This is the time for the men, women and children of the village to wear their best clothes and the village is full of colour. These simple ways of life in the village, however, must soon change. Progress in science and education has already begun to affect the outlook of the people in the village, and hundreds are leaving the village to seek their fortunes in the towns and cities.

nhầm, viết lộn sang đây

A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."A small number of the Dao group, who traditionally live in the northern mountain provinces, have migrated to the Central Highlands. There are many subgroups differentiated by habits, customs, and costumes, for example, the Red Dao, Dao Quần Chạt, Dao Lo Ga, White Pants Dao, and Dao Thanh Y.

The Dao Thanh Y girls wear beautiful costume for festival

Each Dao group is easily identified by their costumes. Generally, a woman’s costume includes shirt, skirt, headscarf, a pair of leggings, and jewelry. A man wears a short shirt with a line of buttons. Doctor Vo Mai Phuong of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology says: "The Red Dao people wear red costumes from top to toe. They have red shirts, leggings, pants, headscarves, and belts. The Dao Tien are the only Dao group who wear skirts embroidered with the images of coins. The Dao Quan Chat are also called Sơn Đầu, which means painted head, because the women shave off their hair, paint their heads, and cover their heads with traditional headscarves. The White Pants Dao always wear white pants."

The traditional clothes of Dao Quan Chat

The Dao have maintained their traditional culture in costumes and language. Although they include many groups living in many different localities, they speak one language.

They have preserved a close-knit community which respects traditional spiritual beliefs and rituals. Ms. Phuong again: "Sorcerers are important people in the Dao group. Sorcerers must be able to read and write the Dao language. The Dao people hold many festivals throughout the year at which they sing in their native language." 

Elderly people in the hamlets teach the children the Dao language from very old books. Dao people also learn the Vietnamese language and languages of neighboring ethnic groups. Ban Van Sang, a Dao Họ, lives in Sơn Hà commune, Bảo Thắng district. "Our children only marry Dao people. Although they can speak Vietnamese fluently, they speak Dao at home. Young people learn Dao from older people. We are fond of learning and we have many books which are carefully stored. We have stories and books about marriage and worshipping rituals. During Tet and other festivals, we gather and read our Dao books. Our children can read and write our language."

I living in the countryside because of some reasons. Environmentally speaking, it is a peaceful place. The air is fresh. The space is quiet. We can enjoy healthy natural conditions without worrying much about environmental pollution.

As for social security, the countryside is a safer place than a city. While urban security situation is always complicated with all kinds of crimes, rural areas are much more secure because most of countrymen are friendly and ready to help one another.

Moreover, rural life is also easier that in cities. People in cities are easy to get stressed because of pollution, job pressures, competitions, etc ... On the contrary, those bad things are very rare in the countryside. To sum up, except income matters, the countryside is a better residence than cities.

 Bản dịch:

Tôi thích sống ở các vùng nông thôn vì một số lý do. Nói với môi trường, đó là một nơi yên bình. Không khí trong lành. Không gian yên tĩnh. Chúng tôi có thể thưởng thức các điều kiện tự nhiên lành mạnh mà không cần lo lắng nhiều về ô nhiễm môi trường.

 Đối với an ninh xã hội, nông thôn là một nơi an toàn hơn so với một thành phố. Trong khi tình hình an ninh đô thị luôn luôn phức tạp với tất cả các loại tội phạm, các khu vực nông thôn là an toàn hơn nhiều vì hầu hết những người đồng hương thân thiện và sẵn sàng giúp đỡ lẫn nhau.

Hơn nữa, cuộc sống nông thôn cũng là dễ dàng hơn mà ở các thành phố. Người dân ở các thành phố rất dễ bị căng thẳng vì ô nhiễm, áp lực công việc, cuộc thi, vv ... Ngược lại, những điều xấu là rất hiếm gặp ở các vùng nông thôn. Tóm lại, trừ những vấn đề thu nhập, nông thôn là một nơi cư trú tốt hơn so với các thành phố.

I think life in the countryside has many good points.Firstly, life is more peaceful and simpler than in the city. The food is fresher and the air is cleaner. People are very friendly, so we can easily make friends with them.Secondly, there are vast areas. Children can enjoy running around without disturbing others.Finally, there are many traditional activities that we can do in the countryside. For example, we can go swimming and go fishing in the river, fly kites and do many other interesting things.For these reasons, I country life.

In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.
In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.
Nhóc làm như này

In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.
In the modern life, there is an increase in the people leave the countryside and migrate to the city. The objective reason is that in the city, it brings them comfortable life and favorite job. Subjective causes are due to the following disadvantages rural areas bring about push residents away. To begin with, there is no denial that rural infrastructure is not modern and advanced. Roads are quite narrow and degraded. Schools, hospitals are not cared much and remodeled. Especially the quality teachers and doctors here are just little so the inhabitants have less opportunity to develop in all way than in the urban area. Last but not least, the biggest disadvantage in rural areas is that job opportunities are so race. The main job is craft, farming, which bring a relatively small income. With that salary, we can only live through the day, not afford for services, shopping, entertainment… In conclusion, besides the positive aspects, life in the countryside is very much. disadvantage. We all need to consider carefully before choosing where to live.

1. Leisure activities is necessary for people after working and studying hard. And there are a lot of leisures activities you can do in your free time, such as: riding horse, riding a bike, playing football, playing badminton, watching TV..... But i like playing badminton most. It's one kind of exercising that'll make you enjoy it. It's an easy game. everyone can play it. To play badminton, you need a shuttlecock and rackets. You can play badminton with your parents, your brother or your sister in the morning. It's good for your health. Playing badminton has so many advantages, such as: It can improve your mind and your mood, it can help you keep fit and it's really fun. Because of these advantages, i love playing badminton very much.

2. There are many differences between life in the countryside and life in the city. Life in the countryside is slower than life in the city. It's not as interesting as life in the city. But i think life in the countryside is better for you. In the countryside, there are many things such as: rivers, wild flowers, cattles, paddy fields,.....They are all colorful. In the afternoon, i can fly kite along the rivers with my friends. That's very interesting. People here are very kind, friendly and helpful. I like them. If you visit my countryside, you should try to eat food here. It's very delicious and tasty. The air here is very fresh. It's not polluted. It's good for your health. The landscape is very vast. For of these reasons, i love my life in the countryside.If one day you feel tired, you can visit my countryside to relax

3. There are so many festivals in Viet Nam, such as: Hung King Temple festival, Do Son buffalo-fighting festival, Tet festival, Mid- autumn festival... But i like Tet festival most. It's also called New Year festival. It is a traditional festival in Viet Nam. It is anually held from 1\(^{st}\) to 3\(^{th}\) of the first lunar month of new year. It is the time for family reunion. After Tet, i usually go to the supermarket with my parents to buy new clothes for me and buy something to decorate the house. I clean my house with my mother, make Chung cake with my father. That's very interesting. At Tet, my family always gather to have some smalls party. I go to visit my relative with my family, so i can get lucky money from them. After Tet, i have much money so i can buy toys for me. In short,i want to say you, i love Tet very much. It's the most interesting festival i have ever attended.

When writing the assignment about Ethnic Groups, remember this is a culture study. You can enhance your writing with a bit of history if you are having trouble filling the pages.; and of course, more often than not history and culture overlap. However, you are searching about unique cultural traits, as well as pan-human cultural traits. (All humans have to eat, drink, and sleep.) Write the paper in paragraph and prose form. Do not enumerate each of the following separately. Discuss the groups as if you are informing the reader about traits he/she might need to know if they were to visit any of the groups you have studied.

Following is a video about an ethnic group, the Seto, of Russia. These people are an ethnic minority who are trying to preserve their culture. Some of the culture traits mentioned in this film are those that you may have recognized in a group that you decided to research for the assignment of writing about an ethnic group. Look for those pan-human traits, which are cultural universals, such as ways of cooking, making a living, making clothing, childcare, etc. Click on the link below to learn more about the Seto, who number fewer than 200 now, though they flourished in the 20th century.

The Tam Dao salamander or Vietnamese salamander (Paramesotriton deloustali) lives in Vietnam ( in streams of mountains in Tam Đảo, Vĩnh Phúc, Tuyên Quang and Thái Nguyên province). It can grow to 144 – 206 millimetres. It eats small animals such as insects, worm spiders, tadpoles, baby frogs and moss. It’s in danger now and it’s rare. The biggest problem is habitat loss and poaching. You can find information on Việt Nam’s Red List. It explains how to protect the salamander. For example, we can stop poaching it and conserve its natural habitats.

Tạm dịch:

Cá cóc Tam Đảo hay cá cóc Việt Nam (Paramesotriton deloustali) sống ở Việt Nam (ở các khe suối trên núi Tam Đảo, tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc, Tuyên Quang và Thái Nguyên). Nó có thể phát triển đến 144 - 206 mm. Nó ăn các động vật nhỏ như côn trùng, nhện sâu, nòng nọc, ếch con và rêu. Nó đang gặp nguy hiểm và quý hiếm. Vấn đề lớn nhất là mất môi trường sống và săn trộm. Bạn có thể tìm thông tin trên Sách Đỏ Việt Nam. Nó giải thích cách bảo vệ cá cóc. Ví dụ, chúng ta có thể ngừng săn bắt nó và bảo tồn môi trường sống tự nhiên của nó.

làm việc nhóm. Hãy suy nghĩ về một số hoạt động (nghe nhạc, chơi bảng như bảng 2. Một sinh viên trong nhóm hỏi các thành viên khác về tần số họ thực hiện các hoạt động này trong khi một sinh viên khác trong nhóm ghi lại câu trả lời

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Activities	Name....	............	.............
Playing football	tick X	............	.............
Learning English	..............	............	.............
Going jogging	..............	............	.............

4. I’m curious about the book she’s supposed to be writing.

5,You can trust John. He is very reliable

6,  She takes an  activated​ part in school life.   

7,Our countryside is appeared at an alarming rate.

4. I’m curious about the book she’s supposed to be writing.

5,You can trust John. He is very reliable

6,  She takes an  activated​ part in school life.   

7,Our countryside is appeared at an alarming rate.