\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,4                                         0,4

\(m_{Fe}=0,4.56=22,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=22,4+5=27,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4.100\%}{27,4}=81,75\%;\%m_{Cu}=100-81,75=18,25\%\)

Bài 1:

a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)

\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 16,8 - 6,4 = 10,4(1)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)\)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra: a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{16,8}.100\% = 33,33\%\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{16,8}.100\% = 28,57\%\\ \%m_{Cu} = 100\% - 33,33\% - 28,57\% = 38,1\%\)

a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

_____0,15<--------------------0,15

=> m_Fe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)

=> m_Cu = 15-8,4 = 6,6 (g)

c) Số nguyên tử Fe = 0,15.6.10²³ = 0,9.10²³

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)

Vì Cu không tác dụng với HCl, nên chỉ có phản ứng của Fe.

PTHH: Fe+2HCl\(\rightarrow\)FeCl2+H2

a) n_H2=0,15(mol)

Theo pt: n_Fe=n_H2=0,15  (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\)m_Fe=8,4(g)

b) m_Cu=10-8,4=1,6(g)

c) Theo pt: n_HCl=n_H2=0,15(mol)

\(\Rightarrow\)V_HCl=0,3(l)

Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2

x x

2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2

y 3/2 y

mMg+mAl=23.4

->24x+27y=23.4

nH2=1.2(mol)

x+3/2 y=1.2

x=0.3(mol)->mMg=7.2(g)

y=0.6(mol)_>mAl=16.2(g)

Bạn tự tính % nhé ^^

a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ ---> FeSO₄ + H₂

            0,2<---------------------------0,2

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=16-11,2=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{32}{16}.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{4,8}{64}.\dfrac{32}{16}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

Cu + 2H₂SO₄ (đặc, nóng) ---> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

0,15--------------------------------------------->0,15

2Fe + 6H₂SO₄ (đặc, nóng) ---> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

0,4------------------------------------------------------>0,6

=> V_SO2 = (0,6 + 0,15).22,4 = 16,8 (l)

c, \(n_{NaOH}=0,375.2=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(T=\dfrac{0,75}{0,6+0,15}=1\) => tạo duy nhất muối axit (NaHSO₃)

PTHH: NaOH + SO₂ ---> NaHSO₃

            0,75----------------->0,75

=> m_muối = 0,75.104 = 78 (g)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Chất rắn không tan : Cu

\(m_{Cu}=3.2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=8-3.2=4.8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{4.8}{8}\cdot100\%=60\%\)

\(\%Cu=100\%-60\%=40\%\)

Cú

\(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=3,2g\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{8}\cdot100\%=40\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100\%-40\%=60\%\)