\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).

Ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).

Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:

\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).

\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\) 

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:

\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).

Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:

\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).

Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).

Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).

\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).

Dấu bằng xảy ra.

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).

Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).

Đặt \(x=1-a\), \(y=1-b\), \(z=1-c\)

Ta có :  \(1+a=\left(1-b\right)+\left(1-c\right)=y+z\) 

\(1+b=\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-c\right)=x+z\)

\(1+c=\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-b\right)=x+y\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy, ta có : \(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}}{xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Vậy Min A = 8 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(2.\left(a^2+b^2\right)-1⋮a+b+1\left(a+b+1\in Z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-1⋮a+b+1\Leftrightarrow\left(2b\right)^2-1^2⋮a+b+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2b-1\right).\left(2b+1\right)⋮2b+1\left(\text{luôn đúng}\right)\)

p/s: ko bt cách c/m này đc ko nx...

thế còn việc chưng minh a=b ?

tớ làm theo cách nếu a=b <=> 2.(a²+b²)-1 chia hết cho a+b+1

Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+\left(a+b+c\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\left(1\right)\)

Lại có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+a=b^2\\b^2+b=c^2\\c^2+c=a^2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-b^2=-a\\b^2-c^2=-b\\c^2-a^2=-c\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right).\left(a+b\right)=-a\\\left(b-c\right).\left(b+c\right)=-b\\\left(c-a\right).\left(c+a\right)=-c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)=-\frac{a}{a+b}\\\left(b-c\right)=-\frac{b}{b+c}\\\left(c-a\right)=-\frac{c}{a+c}\end{cases}}\)

Từ (1) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right).\left(c-a\right)=-\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{b+c}\cdot\frac{c}{a+c}\right)=\frac{-abc}{-c.\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right)}=1\)