\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{AlCl_3} = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)\\ n_{HCl} =3 n_{Al} = 1,2(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl}= \dfrac{1,2.36,5}{200}.100\% = 21,9\%\)

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33,6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{784\cdot10\%}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H₂SO₄ còn dư, Fe phản ứng hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6mol\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,6\cdot152=91,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=816,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{91,2}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx11,17\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{19,6}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx2,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{33,6}{56}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{784.10\%}{98}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : \(Fe+H_2SO_4-->FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Theo pthh : \(n_{H2}=n_{FeSO4}=n_{H2SO4\left(pứ\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL :

m_Fe + m_{(dd H2SO4)} = m_(ddspu) + m_H2

=> 33,6 + 784 = m_(ddspu) + 0,6.2

=> m_(ddspu) = 816,4(g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%FeSO_{\text{4}}=\dfrac{0,6.152}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx11,17\%\\C\%H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{816,4}\cdot100\%\approx2,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

n_Fe=33,6 : 56 =0,6 (mol)

m_H2SO4=784.10%=78,4(g)

n_H2SO4=78,4:98=0,8(mol)

             PTHH:

Fe + H₂SO₄ —> FeSO₄ + H₂O

Từ PTHH ta suy ra : Fe hết , H₂SO₄ dư 

=>n_FeSO4=n_{H2SO4 p/ứ}=n_Fe=0,6(mol)

=>n_{H2SO4 dư}=0,8-0,6=0,2(mol)

m_{dd sau p/ứ}=784+33,6=817,6(g)

%m_{H2SO4 dư}=\(\dfrac{0,2.98}{817,6}.100\%\approx2,4\%\)

%m_FeSO4=\(\dfrac{0,6.152}{817,6}.100\%\approx11,2\%\)

Chúc bạn học tốt UwU

\(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26.7}{133.5}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(.........0.6......0.2.......0.3\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)

\(C\%HCl=\dfrac{0.6\cdot36.5}{300}\cdot100\%=7.3\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\frac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)

\(PTHH:\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(0,2\rightarrow0,4\rightarrow0,2\rightarrow0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a)\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b)\(m_{ddspư}=m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}\)

                \(=13+100-0,2.1=112,8\left(gam\right)\)

\(C\%_{ddspư}=\frac{m_{ZnCl_2}.100}{m_{ddspư}}=\frac{0,2.136.100}{112,8}\approx24,1\left(\%\right)\)

Bài 4 : 

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)

            1          2              1          1

          0,2        0,4           0,2        0,2

b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)⁰/₀

d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Bài 3 : 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)

            1            1                1           1

          0,5          0,5            0,5          0,5

b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)⁰/₀

d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Mg+H2SO4->MgSO4+H2

0,5----0,5--------0,5--------0,5

n Mg=12\24=0,5 mol

=>VH2=0,5.22,4=11,2l

=>m H2SO4=0,5.98=49 g

=>C% =49\200.100=24,5g

=>m dd=12+200-0,5.2=211g

=>C%=0,4.120\211.100=22,74885%

Sửa lại câu c . 

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49.40}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:\)

                      \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

trc p/u :          0,3      0,2     

p/u :                0,2       0,2           0,2         0,2 

sau :                0,1       0             0,2              0,2         

-> Fe dư 

\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=0,3.56+49-0,4=65,4\left(g\right)\) ( ĐLBTKL ) 

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{65,4}.100\%\approx46,48\%\)

PTHH :

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

0,3      0,3           0,3           0,3 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(a,m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)

\(b,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)

\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{49.40}{100}}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=49+\left(0,2.56\right)-0,2.2=59,8\left(g\right)\)( định luật bảo toàn khối lượng )

\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{59,8}.100\%\approx50,84\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

0,2     0,2            0,2           0,2

a)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)

b)\(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2\cdot161=32,2g\)

  \(m_{ddZnSO_4}=30+200-0,2\cdot2=229,6g\)

  \(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{32,2}{229,6}\cdot100\%=14,02\%\)

c)\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3mol\)

   \(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)

   0,3        0,2     0,2

   \(m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8g\)

C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%C%=mctmdd⋅100%=19,6200⋅100%=9,8%

c)

bn mik hỏi tí aj
đoạn mdd ZnSO4 ấy, 30 ở đâu ra v ạ

1.

n_Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

m_HCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g

n_HCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7

                     2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂↑

n trước pứ    0,2     0,7  

n pứ              0,2 →0,6  →    0,2  →  0,3  mol

n sau pứ       hết   dư 0,1

Sau pứ HCl dư.

m_HCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g

m_{các chất sau pư}= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g

m_AlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g

C%_ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%

C%_ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%

2.

           200ml= 0,2l

m_Mg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)

    Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂↑

0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol

a) V_H2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.

b)C%_dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M