PT <=> \(\sqrt{4x^2-14x+16}-\text{ }\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=x-1\)

Đẽ thấy x = 1 không là n* của pt . Chia cả hai vế cho x - 1 

pt  <=> \(\sqrt{\frac{4x^2-14x+16}{x^2-2x+1}}-\sqrt{\frac{x^2-4x+5}{x^2-2x+1}}=1\)

    <=> \(\sqrt{\frac{4\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+12-6x}{x^2-2x+1}}-\sqrt{\frac{x^2-2x+1+4-2x}{x^2-2x+1}}=1\)

     <=> \(\sqrt{4+\frac{12-6x}{x^2-2x+1}}-\sqrt{1+\frac{4-2x}{x^2-2x+1}}=1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{4+\frac{12-6x}{x^2-2x+1}}=a;\sqrt{1+\frac{4-2x}{x^2-2x+1}}=b\) (a;b > 0 ) ta có hpt 

\(\int^{a^2-3b^2=4+\frac{12-6x}{x^2-2x+1}-3-\frac{12-6x}{x^2-2x+1}=1}_{a-b=1}\)

Tự giải 

a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{3a^2-b^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=3a^2-b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\right)\left(a+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\sqrt{2x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)x+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\)

b. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}=\sqrt{x^2-x-20}+5\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+14x+9=x^2-x-20+25\left(x+1\right)+10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2=5\sqrt{\left(x^2-4x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+4}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=\sqrt{x+4}\\2\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=3\sqrt{x+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=x+4\\4\left(x^2-4x-5\right)=9\left(x+4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

Khi \(x\ge1\) ta thấy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT>0\\VP=1-x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên pt vô nghiệm

b/ \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x-2\sqrt{x-1}\right)}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}\right)}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a\ge0\) ta được:

\(\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{a\left(a-2\right)^2}=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\Rightarrow x=1\\\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(a-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{a}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|a-1\right|+\left|a-2\right|=\sqrt{a}\)

- Với \(a\ge2\) ta được: \(2a-3=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a-\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=-1\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(0\le a\le1\) ta được:

\(1-a+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a+\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(1< a< 2\Rightarrow a-1+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow a=1\left(l\right)\)

c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{49}{14}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14x-49+14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}+\sqrt{14x-49-14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}-7\right)^2}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right|+\left|7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Mà \(VT\ge\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7+7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(7-\sqrt{14x-49}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow14x-49\le49\Leftrightarrow x\le7\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(\frac{49}{14}\le x\le7\)

d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}-2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right)^2}+3\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right)^2}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|-2\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right|+3\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right|=4\)

TH1: \(\sqrt{2x-1}\ge3\Rightarrow x\ge5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\sqrt{2x-1}-9=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=13\)

TH2: \(2\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 3\Rightarrow\frac{5}{2}\le x< 5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=2\Rightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)

TH3: \(1\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 2\Rightarrow1\le x< \frac{5}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4=4\) (luôn đúng)

TH4: \(\frac{1}{2}\le x< 1\)

\(1-\sqrt{2x-1}-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=1\Rightarrow x=1\left(l\right)\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\\x=13\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1 :

Xét điều kiện:\(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge5\\x\le1\end{cases}}\)(Vô lý) 

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

Câu 2 : 

\(2\sqrt{x+2}+2\sqrt{x+2}-3\sqrt{x+2}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=1\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy x=-1

Câu 3 : 

\(\sqrt{3x^2-4x+3}=1-2x\)\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-4x+3=1+4x^2-4x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=2\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{2}\)

Câu 4 : 

\(4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}=4\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=15\)

1) \(\sqrt{5-2x}=6\left(đk:x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5-2x=36\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-31\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{31}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

2) \(\sqrt{2-x}=\sqrt{x+1}\left(đk:2\ge x\ge-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2-x=x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

3) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\\2x+1=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

4) \(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=x-2\left(đk:x\ge2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-5\right|=x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=x-2\left(x\ge5\right)\\x-5=2-x\left(2\le x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5=2\left(VLý\right)\\x=\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)