Bài 1: Sửa đề: 1,53g hỗn hợp 2 kim loại

Khí sinh ra: H₂

Gọi nAl = x, nMg = y

=> 27x + 24y = 1,53 (1)

Bảo toàn e

3x + 2y = 2.\(\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,15mol\)(2)

Từ (1) + (2) => x = 0,03, y = 0,03 

%mAl = \(\dfrac{0,03.27}{1,53}.100\%=52,94\%\)

%mMg = 47,06%

n_H2 = 6.72 / 22.4 = 0.3 (mol) 

Mg + H₂SO₄ => MgSO₄ + H₂

0.3.......0.3.............0.3........0.3

m_Mg = 0.3 * 24 = 7.2 (g) 

m_H2SO4 = 0.3 * 98 = 29.4 (g) 

m_ddH2SO4  = 29.4 * 100 / 19.6 = 150 (g) 

m_MgSO4 = 0.3 * 120 = 36 (g) 

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               2a______3a__________a_______3a    (mol)

            \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

                b_______b________b______b        (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a           1,5a                                        1,5a

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

b             b                                            b

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,2}{7,8}\cdot100=69,23\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=0,2.1,5+0,1=0,4mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4,lấy}=0,4+0,4.20\%=0,48mol\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,48}{2}=0,24l\)

\(n_{H^+}=0,5.0,8+0,25.0,8.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{H^+}}{2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)

Không phải KL hhX cho rồi à ta?

Bài 1:

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300.19,6\%}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{3.0,1}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,15=51,3\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddsau}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=2,7+300-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1.2=302,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{302,4}.100\%\approx16,964\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{302,4}.100\%\approx14,583\%\)

Bài 2:

\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,231\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx100\%-69,231\%\approx30,769\%\)