Áp dụng BĐT $$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge \frac{4}{x+y}$$

\(Q=1964\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\right)+15\left(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)+10\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\)

\(\ge1964\cdot\frac{4}{2p-\left(a+b\right)}+15\cdot\frac{4}{2p-\left(b+c\right)}+10\cdot\frac{4}{2p-\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=4\left(\frac{15}{a}+\frac{10}{b}+\frac{1964}{c}\right)=4\cdot2006=8024\)

Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{117}{118}\)

\(1)\)

\(A=a\left(a^2+2b\right)+b\left(b^2-a\right)=a^3+2ab+b^3-ab=a^3+b^3+ab\)

\(A=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+ab=a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{1+1}=\frac{1}{2}\) ( Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ) 

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(2)\)

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}=\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{2}-a}+\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{2}-b}+\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{2}-c}\)

\(=2\left(\frac{1}{-a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a-b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

Có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}b-a< c\\c-b< a\\a-c< b\end{cases}}\)

\(2\left(\frac{1}{-a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a-b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)>2\left(\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\) ??? 

1.  A = a(a² + 2b) + b(b² - a)

A = a³ + 2ab + b³ - ab

A = a³ + ab + b³

A = ( a + b ) ( a² - ab + b² ) + ab

A = a² + b²

Mà ( a - b )² \(\ge\)0 với mọi a,b

 \(\Rightarrow\)a² + b² \(\ge\)2ab \(\Rightarrow\)2 . ( a² + b² ) \(\ge\)( a + b )² = 1 \(\Rightarrow\)( a² + b² ) \(\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)A \(\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)  . Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b \(\frac{1}{2}\)

2) vì a,b,c là 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác nên a,b,c > 0 ; p - a > 0 ; p - b > 0 ; p - c > 0

Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\). Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = y

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{2p-b-c}=\frac{4}{a};\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\ge\frac{4}{2p-c-a}=\frac{4}{b}\)

Cộng từng vế 3 BĐT, ta được : 

\(2.\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = c

\(P=\frac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\frac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\frac{c}{2a+2b-c}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}\)

vì a,b,c là 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác áp dụng bđt tam giác có:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c>a\Rightarrow2b+2c>a\Rightarrow2ab+2ac>a^2\Rightarrow2ab+2ac-a^2>0\\c+a>b\Rightarrow2c+2a>b\Rightarrow2bc+2ab>b^2\Rightarrow2bc+2ab-b^2>0\\a+b>c\Rightarrow2a+2b>c\Rightarrow2ac+2bc>c^2\Rightarrow2ac+2bc-c^2>0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>0\)áp dụng bđt cauchy schawazt dạng enge ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>=\)

\(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2+2bc+2ab-b^2+2ac+2bc-c^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\left(1\right)\)

vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+ac+bc\Rightarrow4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)< =\)

\(4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)mà \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}>=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}\)(2)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4ab+4ac+4bc-ab-ac-bc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}\)

\(>=\frac{ab+ac+bc+2ab+2ac+2bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=\frac{3ab+3ac+3bc}{3ab+3ac+3bc}=1\)(3)

từ (1)(2)(3)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+2ab-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2ac+2bc-c^2}>=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\frac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\frac{c}{2a+2b-c}>=1\)

dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

vậy min P là 1 khi a=b=c

làm lại dong cuối:\(A\ge\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{a}\)

Mà:\(2c+b=abc\Rightarrow a=\frac{2c+b}{cb}=\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow2a=\frac{4}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge2a+\frac{6}{a}\)

Ta có:\(A=\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

\(+3\left(\frac{1}{a+c-b}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\) (Do a,b,c là 3 cạnh của tam giác nên:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b-c>0\\a+c-b>0\\c+b-a>0\end{cases}}\)

\(=\frac{6}{a}+2a\ge4\sqrt{3}\left(cosi\right)\left(a>0\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi:

\(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

xin lỗi các bạn đáp án là\(2\sqrt{3}\)

Do p là nửa chu vi tam giác nên \(2p=a+b+c\)

Ta có bổ đề sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Áp dụng vào bài toán: 

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{a},\)\(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\ge\frac{4}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c.

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=x\\a+c=y\\a+b=z\end{cases}}\)với x,y,z dương và \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)

Ta có \(\frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge1+1+1-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=y=z

Với x=y=z thì a=b=c => tam giác ABC đều

Cách khác :

Chu vi tam giác bằng 1 suy ra \(a+b+c=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1-a=b+c\\1-b=c+a\\1-c=a+b\end{cases}}\)

Nên đẳng thức viết lại thành: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{3}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel: 

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Vậy tam giác ABC đều.

Từ giả thiết : \(abc=b+2c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b+2c}{bc}=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{b}=a\)(1)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

Ta có : \(P=\frac{3}{b+c-a}+\frac{4}{c+a-b}+\frac{5}{a+b-c}\)

\(=\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}+2\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\frac{1}{c+a-b}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{4}{2c}+2\cdot\frac{4}{2b}+3\cdot\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{a}\)

Áp dụng (1) vào \(P\): \(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c}=2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{a}\right)=2\left(a+\frac{3}{a}\right)\ge4\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Vậy \(Min_P=4\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y},x>0,y>0\)

\(P=\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+c-b}+2\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\frac{1}{a+c-b}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{a}\)

Từ giả thiết ta có: \(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{b}=a\) nên \(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{a}=2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{a}\right)=2\left(a+\frac{3}{a}\right)\ge4\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của P=\(4\sqrt{3}\) đạt được khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

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