Để \(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}\ge\frac{a-d}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+1+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+1+\frac{d-a}{a+b}+1\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{d+a}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\)(Cần phải chứng minh)

Ta có : \(\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)\ge\left(a+c\right).\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\left(1\right)\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)

\(\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\left(b+d\right).\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\left(2\right)\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{4\left(a+c\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=4\)(Điều phải chứng minh)

Thank bạn Fire Sky very much ☺☺🙂☺☺!!

@Akai Haruma

Ta có :

\(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}\ge\frac{a-d}{a+b}\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{d+a}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)( Cộng mỗi phân số vs 1 )

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\) (2)

Với a ,b ,c ,d là các số dương , áp dụng BĐT Svacsơ , ta có :

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\\\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\end{cases}}\)

Suy ra : \(\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{4\left(a+c\right)+4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1\right)\)( Điều cần CM )

Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:

1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)

bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko

3a biến đổi tí là xong

b tuong tự bài 1 

Đặt vế trái là P, áp dụng AM-GM cho từng cặp:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge a\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{c+d}{4}\ge c\) ; \(\frac{d^2}{a+d}+\frac{a+d}{4}\ge d\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(P+\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\ge a+b+c+d\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Thử cách em xem sao?

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\) (đúng)

"=" <=> a = b = c

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz :

\(VT=\frac{a^4}{ab+ac+ad}+\frac{b^4}{ab+bc+bd}+\frac{c^4}{cd+ac+bc}+\frac{d^4}{ad+bd+cd}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)

Mà \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)( dễ dàng chứng minh nó bằng AM-GM)

nên \(VT\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;c^2+d^2\ge2cd;d^2+a^2\ge2ad\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge ab+bc+cd+da=1\)

do đó \(VT\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

Dấu''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{2}\)

Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2c^2}=2bc\\c^2+d^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2d^2}=2cd\\d^2+a^2\ge2\sqrt{d^2a^2}=2da\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2bc}=\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\le\frac{cd^2}{2cd}=\frac{d}{2}\\\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\le\frac{da^2}{2da}=\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\\c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}\ge c-\frac{d}{2}\\d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge d-\frac{a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{d}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{cd^2}{c^2+d^2}+d-\frac{da^2}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\) ( đpcm )

Cách của bạn Minh dài quá mình xin làm cách ngắn hơn:

Đầu tiên ta chứng minh bổ đề:

\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{2x-y}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(2x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y-x\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)

Từ đó ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}\\\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2b-c}{2}\\\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{2c-d}{2}\\\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2d-a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng 4 cái trên vế theo vế ta được

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+d^2}+\frac{d^3}{d^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2a-b}{2}+\frac{2b-c}{2}+\frac{2c-d}{2}+\frac{2d-a}{2}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\)