Ta có: \(\sqrt[k+1]{\dfrac{k+1}{k}}>1\) với \(k=1,2,...,n\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\sqrt[k+1]{\dfrac{k+1}{k}}=\sqrt[k+1]{\dfrac{1.1...1}{k}\cdot\dfrac{k+1}{k}}\)

\(< \dfrac{1+1+1+...+1+\dfrac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}+\dfrac{1}{k}=1+\dfrac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)

Suy ra \(1< \sqrt[k+1]{\dfrac{k+1}{k}}< 1+\left(\dfrac{1}{k}-\dfrac{1}{k+1}\right)\)

Lần lượt cho \(k=1,2,3,...,n\) rồi cộng lại được:

\(n< \sqrt{2}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}+...+\sqrt[n+1]{\dfrac{n+1}{n}}< n+1-\dfrac{1}{n}< n+1\)

Vậy phần nguyên a là n

Ace Legona

hoc24 toàn siêu nhân

lớp gì cũng biết AM-GM

giả / sử không có AM-GM ? toán học đi về đâu?

kể cũng lạ

đã là siêu nhân rồi sao lại phải hỏi nhỉ

Câu a : Ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{-1}=-1+\sqrt{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{-1}=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\)

.....................

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}}{\left(\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\right)\left(\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}}{-1}=-\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\)

Thay vào ta được :

\(S=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}=-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-...........-\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\)

\(=-1+\sqrt{n^2}\)

Câu b:

Đặt biểu thức đã cho là $A$

Ta có:

\(A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A> \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A> \frac{1}{2}(n-1)\) (áp dụng cách tính toán phần a)

Lại có:

\(A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{0+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\right)+....+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-3}+\sqrt{n^2-2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{0+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{\sqrt{n^2-1}}{2}\) (áp dụng cách tính toán của phần a)

Vậy \(\frac{\sqrt{n^2-1}}{2}> A> \frac{n-1}{2}\) hay \(\sqrt{t(t+1)}> A> t\) (đặt \(n=2t+1\) )

Mà \(\sqrt{t(t+1)}< \sqrt{(t+1)(t+1)}=t+1\)

Do đó: \(t+1> A> t\)

\(\Rightarrow \lfloor{A}\rfloor=t=\frac{n}{2}\)

ai giúp e nhanh lên đc k

Dạng tổng quát: \(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}>\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k+1}}=1\) với k = 1; 2; 3; ...; n

=> \(a=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}}+\sqrt[4]{\frac{4}{3}}+...+\sqrt[n+1]{\frac{n+1}{n}}>n\) (1)

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho k + 1 số dương ta có:

\(\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}=\sqrt[k+1]{1.1.1...1.\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{1+1+1+...+1+\frac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}=\frac{1.k}{k+1}+\frac{\frac{k+1}{k}}{k+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[k+1]{\frac{k+1}{k}}< \frac{k}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1-\frac{1}{k+1}+\frac{1}{k}=1+\left(\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\right)\)

\(< 1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)

Áp dụng vào bài ta được:

\(a< \left(1+\frac{1}{1.2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2.3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3.4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)

\(a< n+\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)

\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(a< n+\left(1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)< n+1\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra phần nguyên của a là n

a. \(N=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right).\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)  \(\left(ĐKXĐ:x\ge0\right)\)

\(N=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+1}{x\sqrt{x}+1}\right).\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(\text{​​}\text{​​}N=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x\sqrt{x}+1}.\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(N=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

b.\(N=\dfrac{8}{9}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x}=2x-2\sqrt{x}+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{4}\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.\(\dfrac{1}{N}>\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{4\sqrt{x}}>\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{x}+1>x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x< 1\)

a: ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

Ta có: \(N=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\cdot\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3x-3\sqrt{x}+3}\)

Với n\(\in N\)^* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)

a) Áp dụng (*) vào T

\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)

b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)

Vậy n=24.

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\) (đpcm)

1: Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{3-\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-\left(x-9\right)+\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-x+9+2x-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)

Để \(A=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\) thì \(x+\sqrt{x}=-\sqrt{x}+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(nhận\right)\)

2: Để A nguyên thì \(\sqrt{x}+1⋮\sqrt{x}-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-3\in\left\{-1;1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;4;5;1;7\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{16;25;1;49\right\}\)