\(nAl=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(mHCl=\dfrac{200.7,3\%}{100\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(nHCl=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_2+3H_2\)

 2         6              2            3    (mol)

0,1       0,3         0,1           0,15   (mol)

LTL : 0,1 / 2 < 0,4/6

=> Al đủ , HCl dư

1. \(VH_2=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

2. \(mH_2=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)

mdd = mAl + mddHCl - mH2 = 2,7 + 200 - 0,3 = 202,4 (g)

\(mH_2SO_{4\left(dưsaupứ\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)

\(mAlCl_2=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{202,4}=4,84\%\)

\(C\%_{AlCl_2}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{202,4}=4,84\%\)

Câu 1:

a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

d, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.136}{16,25+182,5-0,25.2}.100\%\approx17,15\%\)

Câu 2:

a, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

c, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

d, \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,25}=2\left(M\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                \(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{20-0,1\cdot65}{81}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\) 

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=119,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}\cdot136}{119,8}\cdot100\%\approx30,27\%\)

c) Giả sử khí là SO₂

PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

a. \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b. \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2.4}{24}=0.1mol\)

\(mct_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\times36.5}{100}=182.5g\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5}{36.5}=5mol\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow\) HCl dư

nHCl phản ứng = 0.2 mol => nHCl dư = 5 - 0.2 = 4.8 mol

mHCl dư = \(4.8\times36.5=175.2g\)

c. \(V_{H_2}=0.1\times22.4=2.24l\)

 d. mdd sau phản ứng = \(2.4+500-0.1\times2=502.2g\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.1\times95\times100}{502.2}=1.89\%\)

(1)

$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(mol)$
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

0,5           1              0,5        0,5              (mol)

Sau phản ứng : $m_{dd} = 0,5.24 + 100 - 0,5.2 = 111(gam)$

$C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{0,5.95}{111}.100\% = 42,79\%$

(2)

Trích mẫu thử

Cho dung dịch $H_2SO_4$ tới dư vào mẫu thử :

- mẫu thử tạo khí không màu là $Na_2CO_3$
$Na_2CO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + CO_2 + H_2O$

- mẫu thử tạo kết tủa trắng là $BaCl_2$
$BaCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + 2HCl$
- mẫu thử không hiện tượng là $NaNO_3$

a) $n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{Fe} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,4.36,5}{200}.100\% = 7,3\%$

b) $n_{H_2} = n_{FeCl_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,2(mol)

Sau phản ứng, $m_{dd} = 11,2 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 210,8(gam)$
$C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,2.127}{210,8}.100\% = 12,05\%$

Đề bài phải là thể tích CO₂ bạn nhé!

a, PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{4}{100}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.25}{100}=3,65\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,04.22,4=0,896\left(l\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,02.36,5=0,73\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{CaCl_2}=0,04.111=4,44\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{4}{100}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6\cdot25\%}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,1}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, CaCO₃ p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCl_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{CO_2}=0,04\cdot22,4=0,896\left(l\right)\\m_{CaCl_2}=0,04\cdot111=4,44\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,02\cdot36,5=0,73\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)