$n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
\(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

0,2         0,15            0,1                (mol)

$V_{O_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
$m_{Al_2O_3} =0,1.102 = 10,2(gam)$

tách nhỏ nhé

8

4Al+3O2-to>2al2O3

0,2----0,15-------0,1

n O2=0,15 mol

=>m AL2o3=0,1.102=10,2g

10

4H2+Fe3O4->3Fe+4H2O

0,8-----0,2--------0,6

n Fe3O4=0,2 mol

=>m Fe=0,6.56=33,6g

=>VH2=0,8.22,4=17,92l

\(a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

b, LTL: \(\dfrac{0,4}{4}>\dfrac{0,6}{3}\) => O₂ dư

Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,4=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> V_{O2 (dư)} = (0,6 - 0,3).22,4 = 6,72 (l)

c, m_Al2O3 = 0,2.102 = 20,4 (g)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{17}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\) 
=> O2 dư P hết 
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4g\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\)

    \(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)

Xét: \(\dfrac{0,4}{4}\) < \(\dfrac{0,6}{3}\)                  ( mol )

         0,4     0,3            0,2   ( mol )

Chất dư là O₂

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,6-0,3\right).32=9,6g\)

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4g\)

7. Ta có: n_Zn = \(\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{32}{32}=1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Zn + O₂ ---t^o---> 2ZnO

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{1}{1}\)

=> Oxi dư

Theo PT: n_ZnO = n_Zn = 0,2(mol)

=> m_ZnO = 81.0,2 = 16,2(g)

8. Ta có: n_Al = \(\dfrac{21,6}{27}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ ---t^o---> 2Al₂O₃.

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,8}{4}=\dfrac{0,6}{3}\)

Vậy không có chất dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,8=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,4.102=40,8\left(g\right)\)

Em xem bài này là kiểu tính theo PT mà, bài này dễ lắm, bài 8 là bài toán dư

Làm gộp cả phần a và b

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,15mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\cdot102=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) nAl=2,7/27=0,1(mol)

nHCl=14,6/36,5= 0,4(mol)

PTHH: 2Al +6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

Ta có: 0,1/2 < 0,6/4

=> HCl dư, Al hết, tính theo nAl

=> nAlCl3=nAl=0,1(mol)

=> mAlCl3=0,1.133,5=13,35(g)

b) nH2= 3/2. nAl=3/2. 0,1=0,15(mol)

=>V(H2,đktc)=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)

c) mFe2O3(nguyên chất)= 80%. 38,4=30,72(g)

=>nFe2O3= 30,72/160=0,192(mol)

PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3 H2 -to->2 Fe +3 H2O

Ta có: 0,192/1 > 0,15/3

=> H2 hết, Fe2O3 dư, tính theo nH2

=> nFe= 2/3. nH2= 2/3. 0,15=0,1(mol)

=>mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)

a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ 

Mol:     0,1                    0,1        0,15

Tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{6}\) ⇒ Al pứ hết,HCl dư

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)

b,\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

c,\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(tinhkhiét\right)}=38,4.\left(100\%-20\%\right)=30,72\left(g\right)\)

⇒\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{30,72}{160}=0,192\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O 

Mol :                  0,15       0,1

Tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,192}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\)⇒ Fe₂O₃ dư,H₂ hết

=> m_Fe = 0,1.56 =5,6 (g)

n Al=\(\dfrac{32,4}{27}\)=1,2 mol

n O2=\(\dfrac{23,7984}{22,4}\)=1,062mol

4Al+3O₂-to>2Al₂O₃

1,2---------------0,6 mol

O2 dư

=>m _Al2O3=0,6.102=61,2g

2Al+6HCl->2AlCl₃+3H₂

1,2-----------------------1,8 mol

=>V_H2=1,8.22,4=40,32l

Đặt \(n_{Al_4C_3}=x\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,272}{22,4}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Al_4C_3+12H_2O\rightarrow4Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3CH_4\uparrow\)

              x--------------------------------------->3x

           \(CH_4+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

            3x---->6x

=> 6x = 0,28 => \(x=\dfrac{7}{150}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(a=m_{Al_4C_3}=\dfrac{7}{150}.144=6,72\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) 
          0,1                0,05  
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,05=5,1\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

             0,1------------------>0,05

=> m_Al2O3 = 0,05.102 = 5,1 (g)

= 5,1 g

Theo ĐLBTKL thì

m _Al + m _O2 = m _Al2O3

10,8 + 9,6 = a

=> a = 20,4 g