PTHH: \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot98\%}{98}=3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx35,3\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2\cdot98}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx57,65\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT:\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

     \(0,2\)          \(1,2\)          \(0,4\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=65\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{218.30\%}{35,5+1}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\)

Từ PT \(\Rightarrow\)\(n_{HClpư}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldư}=\dfrac{654}{365}-1,2=\dfrac{216}{365}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCldư}=21,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=32+218=250\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{65}{250}.100\%=26\left(\%\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCldu}=\dfrac{21,6}{250}.100\%=8,64\%\)

pthh: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ ===> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

nFe₂O₃ = 8/160 = 0,05 (mol)

nH₂SO₄ = \(\dfrac{300\times9,8\%}{98}\)= 0,3 (mol)

ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}\)<\(\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) (mol)

⇒ Fe₂O₃ phản ứng hết, H₂SO₄ còn dư

theo pthh: nH₂SO₄ phản ứng = 3nFe₂O₃ phản ứng = 0,15 (mol)

nFe₂O₃ = nFe₂(SO₄)₃ = 0,05 (mol)

⇒ mFe₂(SO₄)₃ = 0,05 \(\times\) 400 = 20g

nH₂SO₄ dư = nH₂SO₄ ban đầu - nH₂SO₄ phản ứng = 0,3 -0,15 = 0,15 (mol)

mH₂SO₄ dư = 0,15 \(\times\) 98 = 14,7 g

mdd sau phản ứng = mFe₂O₃ + mdd H₂SO₄ = 300 + 8 = 308 (g)

C% Fe₂(SO₄)₃ = \(\dfrac{20}{308}\times100\%\) = 6,49 (%)

C% H₂SO₄ dư = \(\dfrac{14,7}{308}\times100\%\) = 4,77 (%)

nK2O = \(\frac{9,4}{94}=0,1mol\) nCuSO4 = \(\frac{800.10\%}{160}=0,5mol\)

K2O + H2O => 2KOH

0,1-------------->0,2

KOH + CuSO4 => K2SO4 + Cu(OH)2

0,2---> 0,1---------->0,1------>0,1

=> nCuSO4 dư = 0,5-0,1=0,4

mdd = 9,4+800- 0,1. 98 = 799,6 (g)

C% CuSO4 dư= \(\frac{0,1.160}{799,6}.100\%=2\%\)

C% K2SO4 = \(\frac{0,1.174}{799,6}.100\%=2,176\%\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{294}.100\%=20\%\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}=\dfrac{0,6}{3}\)

Vậy không có chất dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{dd_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=294+5,4-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2.2\right)=298,8\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{34,2}{298,8}.100\%=11,45\%\)

PTHH: \(Zn+CuSO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+Cu\)

Phản ứng trên là phản ứng thế

Ta có: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32\cdot10\%}{160}=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu}=n_{Zn}=n_{ZnSO_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,02\cdot65=1,3\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,02\cdot64=1,28\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=0,02\cdot161=3,22\left(g\right)\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{3,22}{32+1,3-1,28}\cdot100\%\approx10,06\%\)