1. b3+b= 3                                       

(b3+b)=3                            

b.(3+1)=3

b. 4= 3

b=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)

a3+a= 3                                       b3

(a3+a)=3                            

a.(3+1)=3

a. 4= 3

a=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)

2

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ta có: \(a^3-3a^2+8a=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-3a^2+8a-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-3a^2+3a-1+5a-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^3+5a-8=0\)(1)

và \(b^3-6b^2+17b=15\)biến đổi tương tự như a, ta được: \(\left(b-2\right)^3+5b-7=0\)(2)

Lấy (1) + (2) vế theo vế, ta được: \(\left(a-1\right)^3+\left(b-2\right)^3+5a-8+5a-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^3+\left(b-2\right)^3+5\left(a+b-3\right)=0\)(3)

áp dụng hằng đẳng thức \(A^3+B^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)với \(A=a-1\)và \(B=b-2\)

ta được (3) <=> \(\left(a+b-3\right)\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2\right]+5\left(a+b-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-3\right)\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2+5\right]=0\)

vì \(\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2+5\right]\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b-3=0\Rightarrow a+b=3\)

Ta có: \(a^3-3a^2+8a=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-3a^2+3a-1\right)+5a-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^3+5a-8=0\)

Lại có: \(b^3-6b^2+17b=15\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b^3-6b^2+12b-8\right)+5b-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-2\right)^3+5b-7=0\)

Cộng 2 vế trên lại ta được: \(\left(a-1\right)^3+\left(b-2\right)^3+5a+5b-15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1+b-2\right)\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2\right]+5\left(a+b-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-3\right)\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2+5\right]=0\)

Mà \(\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(b-2\right)^2+5\)

 \(=\left[\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(b-2\right)^2\right]+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-2\right)^2+5\)

\(=\left[a-1-\frac{1}{2}\left(b-2\right)\right]^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(b-2\right)^2+5>0\left(\forall a,b\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b-3=0\Leftrightarrow a+b=3\)

Vậy a + b = 3

a) ( a   +   4 ) 3 .                        b) ( 2   –   b ) 3 .

c) ( m − 2 ) 2 − 2 3 .                 d) 2 a 3 − 2 b 3 .

1.

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

b.

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)